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1. Boarding school workroom at St. Benedict's Mission, White Earth, Minnesota

Date Created:
1895?
Description:
St. Benedict's Mission, White Earth Indian Reservation (White Earth Band of Ojibwe). Students pose with their handiwork in the work room of the newly-built school at St. Benedict's Mission. Domestic arts were considered important. So before and after school hours, the girls were taught to card wool and spin yarn with which they knitted their own stockings. They were taught plain and fancy sewing and took turns in assisting the sisters in the kitchen, laundry and dairy. Under Sister Philomena Ketten's supervision, the boys worked in the garden and helped on the farm with picking potatoes and raking hay. [SBMA, McDonald, p. 241]
Contributing Institution:
Saint Benedict's Monastery
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

2. Interview with Father Thomas Borgerding, Part 3, Beltrami County Historical Society Oral History Collection, Bemidji, Minnesota

Creator:
Borgerding, Father Thomas
Date Created:
1956 - 1959
Description:
Father Thomas Borgerding discusses the first year of the boarding school; enforcing the English-only rule among students; translating letters for people; disease; early doctors; Ojibwe healers; how old the Red Lake settlement was; wildfires; timber on the reservation; other missionaries; how many people spoke English when he arrived; local chiefs; and the Moose Dung section of Thief River Falls and the legal battle around it; lumber drives on the Thief River and Clearwater River; early Redby; the Red Lake Minneapolis and Manitoba Railroad; early Buena Vista; the Red Lake-Leech Lake trail by canoe; his visit to Leech Lake; where Bugonaygeshig lived; his memory of the Battle of Sugar Point; and his opinion of the character of the Red Lake Ojibwe.
Contributing Institution:
Beltrami County Historical Society
Type:
Sound Recording Nonmusical
Format:
Oral histories

3. Indian boarding school, Ponemah, Minnesota

Date Created:
1901?
Description:
Indian boarding school, Ponemah, shortly after construction in 1901 (description from, "The Bemidji Area Looking Back" Pediment Publishing, 2004).
Contributing Institution:
Beltrami County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

4. Students of St. Benedict's Mission School, White Earth, Minnesota

Date Created:
1890?
Description:
St. Benedict's Mission, White Earth Indian Reservation (White Earth Band of Ojibwe). About 85 boarding students and six sisters posed in the inner court of St. St. Benedict's Mission School in the early 1890s. Record keeping for this large a group of children was not simple. While the churches constructed and operated the schools on the reservations, government policy allowed the schools an annual appropriation of a flat rate for tuition, board and clothing annually; the amount varied from $100 to $150 per pupil. This policy required careful quarterly reports to be sent to Washington. All expenditures had to be accounted for - the number of pounds of meat, sacks of flour, bushels of beans and potatoes, barrels of sugar, pounds of rice, and gallons of syrup and soap These accounts show the frugality of the mission school's fare. For example, the 1886 end-of-year record shows $2.00 for candy and $2.50 for a pair of geese. [SBMA, McDonald, pp. 240-241]
Contributing Institution:
Saint Benedict's Monastery
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

5. Morris Industrial School for Indians, Morris, Minnesota

Date Created:
1896
Description:
This image was published in "Minnesota History," 49/3 Fall 1984, page 92. Original in the Archives of the Sisters of Mercy Provincialate in Omaha, Nebraska. Record Group 75. Exhibit WCSA 2000-2001.
Contributing Institution:
Stevens County Museum and Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

6. Morris Industrial School for Indians, Morris, Minnesota

Date Created:
1885?
Description:
Published in Minnesota History, 49/3 Fall 1984, p. 82. Original in the Archives of the Sisters of Mercy Provincialate, Omaha, Nebraska
Contributing Institution:
Stevens County Museum and Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

7. Morris Industrial School for Indians, Morris, Minnesota

Date Created:
1909?
Description:
Morris Industrial School for Indians operated from 1887 to 1909 on the current site of the University of Minnesota, Morris.
Contributing Institution:
Stevens County Museum and Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Postcards

8. Morris Industrial School for Indians, Morris, Minnesota

Date Created:
1908?
Description:
Morris Industrial School for Indians operated from 1887 to 1909 on the current site of the University of Minnesota, Morris.
Contributing Institution:
Stevens County Museum and Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Postcards

9. Indian Boys in native dress, Collegeville, Minnesota

Creator:
Engel, Peter OSB
Date Created:
1887
Description:
Group portrait of Native American boys in native dress.
Contributing Institution:
Saint John's Abbey
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

10. New school (built by Katherine Drexel) at St. Benedict's Mission, White Earth, Minnesota

Date Created:
1890
Description:
St. Benedict's Mission, White Earth Indian Reservation (White Earth Band of Ojibwe). The school at White Earth was so successful that it was noticed by Katherine Drexel who lived in Philadelphia and had devoted her life to working for American Indians and African Americans. (She later founded the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament for the education of these minorities.) Katherine visited White Earth with her two sisters and was so impressed by the work of the Benedictines there that she made arrangements for the building of a new school that would house 150 orphaned and dependent children. During the summer of 1890, the bricks for this four-story building were made near the mission and in the winter months, the lumber and other materials were gathered. Two years later, February 10, 1892, the school was opened for 100 children with the expectation that government funds were available to educate and cloth them. By 1895, the enrollment had grown to 150; the number of teachers and helpers grew to eighteen over the years. However, when government funding was rescinded by the turn of the century, the school faced the challenge of survival. The Benedictines turned to the charity of the Catholics of the Northwest Territory, of St. John's Abbey and of St. Benedict's Convent, and most of all, to tribal funds that the government had held in trust for them in lieu of the land they had given up. These funds could be requested by the Ojibwe as needed. In this way, St. Benedict's Mission managed to continue the boarding school until 1945. When the tribal funds were no longer available, the school became a parochial day school. [SBMA, McDonald, pp. 241-246]
Contributing Institution:
Saint Benedict's Monastery
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

11. Native American baby in a cradleboard, Canada

Creator:
R.R.P. & I.C.
Date Created:
1911
Description:
An infant indigenous Canadian bundled in a cradle board which is leaning against a tree. The postcard is postmarked Baudette, Minnesota, July 3, 1911.
Contributing Institution:
Northwest Minnesota Historical Center
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Postcards

12. Pipestone Indian Training School campus, Pipestone, Minnesota

Date Created:
1893 - 1953
Description:
Campus view of the Pipestone Indian Training School. Boys Dormitory right and Dining Hall left.
Contributing Institution:
Pipestone County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

13. Pipestone Indian Training School campus, Pipestone, Minnesota

Date Created:
1893 - 1953
Description:
Campus view of the Pipestone Indian Training School. Exterior view of the first building on campus, it later became the Girls Dormitory.
Contributing Institution:
Pipestone County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

14. Pipestone Indian Training School campus, Pipestone, Minnesota

Date Created:
1893 - 1953
Description:
Exterior view of the Pipestone Indian Training School, Boys Dormitory.
Contributing Institution:
Pipestone County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Postcards

15. Pipestone Indian Training School campus, Pipestone, Minnesota

Date Created:
1893 - 1953
Description:
Pipestone Indian Training School campus, showing totem pole, Clagne Hall in background.
Contributing Institution:
Pipestone County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Postcards

16. Pipestone Indian Training School campus, Pipestone, Minnesota

Date Created:
1893 - 1953
Description:
Exterior view of the Pipestone Indian School Hospital.
Contributing Institution:
Pipestone County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

17. Pipestone Indian Training School campus, Pipestone, Minnesota

Date Created:
1893 - 1953
Description:
Wide campus view of the Pipestone Indian Training School. Buildings left to right: Girls Dormitory, Academic Building, Dining Hall, Boys Dormitory.
Contributing Institution:
Pipestone County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Postcards

18. Pipestone Indian Training School campus, Pipestone, Minnesota

Date Created:
1893 - 1953
Description:
Exterior view of the Girls' Dormitory at the Pipestone Indian Training School.
Contributing Institution:
Pipestone County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Postcards

19. Pipestone Indian Training School campus, Pipestone, Minnesota

Date Created:
1893 - 1953
Description:
Panoramic campus view of the Pipestone Indian Training School. Buildings from left to right: Girls Dormitory, Academic Building, Boys Dormitory.
Contributing Institution:
Pipestone County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

20. Pipestone Indian Training School campus, Pipestone, Minnesota

Date Created:
1893 - 1953
Description:
Early view of the Pipestone Indian Training School campus, Academic building-left and Boys Dormitory-right.
Contributing Institution:
Pipestone County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

21. Pipestone Indian Training School campus, Pipestone, Minnesota

Date Created:
1893 - 1953
Description:
Early view of the Pipestone Indian Training School campus, Academic building on the left, Dining Hall in the center, and Boys Dormitory on the right.
Contributing Institution:
Pipestone County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

22. Pipestone Indian Training School campus, Pipestone, Minnesota

Date Created:
1893 - 1953
Description:
Campus view of the Pipestone Indian Training School. Buildings visible are right- the Administration Building and left- the Girls Dormitory.
Contributing Institution:
Pipestone County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

23. Pipestone Indian Training School campus, Pipestone, Minnesota

Date Created:
1893 - 1953
Description:
Campus view of the Pipestone Indian Training School. Buildings visible left to right: Boys Dormitory, Round Barn, Manual Training Shop
Contributing Institution:
Pipestone County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

24. Pipestone Indian Training School campus, Pipestone, Minnesota

Date Created:
1893 - 1953
Description:
Campus view of the Pipestone Indian Training School. Buildings visible left to right: Superintendents Residence, Teacher's Quarters.
Contributing Institution:
Pipestone County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

25. Pipestone Indian Training School campus, Pipestone, Minnesota

Date Created:
1893 - 1953
Description:
Campus view of the Pipestone Indian Training School, left to right: Academic Building, Boys Dormitory
Contributing Institution:
Pipestone County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs
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