This photo depicts the cornerstone laying for the United Church Seminary building. The cornerstone is inscribed with the date ""1900,"" but we know the building was not used until 1902, so the exact timing of events requires more research. It was not uncommon to mark cornerstones with the centennial dating to capture the spirit of the age, even if it was not the exact date. This building was later renamed Bockman Hall. Note the people watching the ceremony from the window openings and the open umbrellas even though it doesn't appear to be raining. Back of photograph reads: Bockman Hall, 1899-1900, Luther Seminary, Cornerstone laying.
St. Benedict's Academy (1883-1909). The tradition of preserving records and items of historical importance is passed on from one generation to the next -- from the Benedictine community in EichstÃtt, Bavaria, to the Sisters of St. Benedict in St. Joseph. Now a large archives and a museum, "Art and Heritage Place," preserve the records and objects which have been collected over the years by the Benedictine Sisters of St. Joseph, MN, to depict their life and work here and abroad (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
Dinner for delegates of the General Conference of the Evangelical Association in 1899 held at the Pine Street church in St. Paul. Bishops Horn, Breyfogel and Bowman are identified in the photograph. "St. Paul Pine Street church extended the invitation for the General Conference of the Evangelical Association to hold its annual meeting in St. Paul. A vacant store building was rented and fitted up for a dining hall and kitchen on the first floor. The second floor was made into sleeping apartments" (Utzinger's History of the Minnesota Conference of the Evangelical Association 1856 to 1922, p. 181). This is the only time the General Conference met in Minnesota. To finance the event offerings were taken at all of the Minnesota Conference congregations and $403.29 was raised.
Contributing Institution:
Minnesota Annual Conference United Methodist Church
St. Benedict's Academy (1883-1909). The library became a vital part of the academy. It was one of the most inviting places on the campus -- one that encouraged the Benedictine tradition of love for learning. In the next addition to the academy/college (Teresa Hall in 1914), an entire floor was devoted to the library. Eventually, as the college expanded to the western portion of the campus, a separate building was constructed as the campus library (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
Depicted in this photo is Abraham Mallinen and his family, in of their farmstead, along with their horses. He was the first licensed minister of the Town of Thomson and served as pastor of the Apostolic Lutheran Church of Esko when it was first organized. He settled in Thomson Township with his family in 1883 on his farm, which was located west of the present day Thomson Road and north of the Palkie Road.
The Lake Reno Reformed Presbyterian Church was organized in 1869. Rev. Edward Elsey was the first minister, 1882-1896. In this photo, Rev. Meyer is standing at the door. Rev. Meyer served the church from 1898-1900. This wood frame building replaced the first church which was built in 1882. It was moved from its first site on the Hogan farm to the Cummins farm in 1938. It burned in October 1943.
Funeral service for Maren Sahlgaard Johnsen. Maren was the wife of Pastor Thomas Johnsen. Norseland Lutheran Church (originally known as Nicollet Lutheran Church). The churc building was constructed 1866 and enlarged 1884. The Herbjorn Gausta altar painting is visible.
Distant exterior view of Little Cedar Lutheran Church with horse buggies. Back of photo includes the following information, "given by Miss Ida Anderson, Adams, Minnesota: Date 1902, Rev. Wm. Rasmussen, Pastor. Horsebarns built 1898 or 1899. Church burned down in 1910, and only village church used after that."
Schools in St. Cloud (1869-1909); St. Benedict's Monastery (convent), St. Joseph, Minnesota. The exact location of the convent in this photograph is not recorded, but the Holy Angels Parish records show that it took 25 years for the parish to build a convent for the sisters who taught in Holy Angels Grade School in St. Cloud. "The sisters moved around like nomads. For the first 11 or 12 years, they lived in St. Mary's Convent near the site of the old post office. Then they lived in Captain Taylor's house on Seventh Avenue North for one year; next the Grundman house on Eighth Avenue North and in the (St. Clotilde's) Music Academy. They also lived for a while in the Munsinger Hotel" (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives, Voigt, page 54).
Early ventures in St. Joseph, Minnesota (1880-1890). After the closing of the Industrial School, the west end of Marmion Hall (porch added on) accommodated the boarding school for little boys (age 6-12) as a department of St. Benedict's Academy. It was often referred to as "Bethlehem School for Boys." There were 7 students the first year and as the enrollment increased, the maximum number of boys housed per year was set at 36. A total of 715 boys attended during the next 40 years of the school's existence at St. Benedict's. In 1938, it was transferred to Altoona, Wisconsin (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
The Plymouth Zouaves (Company A Second Minnesota Regiment of the Boys Brigade) are in uniform on the eighth street side of Plymouth Congregational Church, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Five of the church's memorial windows are in the background. Some of these windows were donated to the Congregational Church of Wayzata in 1916. In 2014 the windows remain in that church (now the Universalist Unitarian Church of Minnetonka). In 1875, Plymouth Congregational Church opened its third building four blocks south of the second church on the southeast corner of Eighth Street and Nicollet Avenue in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where a small boarding house had stood. Unsatisfied with the work of local architects, Plymouth�s minister, Henry Stimson, with the help of choir member Samuel Gale, sketched a design and then recruited New York architect Russell Sturgis, who reluctantly agreed to use the design. The structure was unusual for Minneapolis. The large interior included gallery seating. The exterior combined stone and brick. The congregation worshipped here until 1907, when growing membership once again forced the congregation to move to its location on Groveland Avenue, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Double wedding of Johanna and Paulina Meyer to John Hespenheide and Christ Woestehoff, respectively. 1897. Guests posed in front of house with grooms seated. The attendants are Henry Hespenheide and Emma Schmalz and Joe Ehlers and Ida Meyer. Bell on pole. Three chimneys visible with smoke coming from them. House is Greek Revival style with roof returns and front porch.
Schools in St. Cloud (1869-1909). The three-story St. Mary's school was built in 1896 to accommodate 650 pupils; at that time eight sisters were teaching 480 students at St. Mary's. The growth of the school was phenomenal because the newly-established Holy Angels Parish, just a few blocks north of St. Mary's, also built a three-story school. St. Mary's reached a peak enrollment of 840 in subsequent years. Sisters of St. Benedict served as the faculty of both St. Mary's and Holy Angels Schools as well as of the eight other parish schools that were eventually established in St. Cloud, Sauk Rapids and Waite Park (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives, Witte, pages 79-80).
Schools in north-central Minnesota (1871-1909). As early as 1880, three sisters took charge of the parish school in Long Prairie, but within four years the sisters withdrew because of misunderstandings with the pastor. Ten years later, the sisters re-opened the mission and the school's subsequent enrollments grew to 280. Pictured are S. Demetria Keller (on left) and Catherine Siefner (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
Exterior view of the Methodist Episcopal Church in St. Peter, which was located on the northwest corner of the intersection of Fifth and Nassau Streets from 1896 until its destruction by fire in 1929. The Nassau Street side of the church is to the left of the corner tower.
Exterior view of the Methodist-Episcopal Church in St. Peter. It was built in 1896 on the northwest corner of the intersection of Fifth and Nassau streets. The church was destroyed in a fire in 1929.
Black and white albumen print of Sacred Heart Catholic Church in Belle Plaine. Seen are the front of the church with the rectory to the right of the building. A man, most likely the then current priest, is standing at the front entrance of the church. Written on the backside of the image is "Sacred Heart/Pelton Photo/1896/ Belle Plaine, Mn. Sacred Heart Church first steeple, which was struck by lightning and burned." The building was demolished in 1989.
Interior of Lake Street Methodist Church decorated for Christmas. Located at Lake Street and Freemont Ave. South, Minneapolis. Lake Street Methodist was begun in 1885 as an daughter church of Simpson Methodist Episcopal. Rev. James Teeter issued a call to start a new congregation in "that district lying in the outskirts of the city, the territory to the East of Lakes Calhoun and Harriet and adjacent to Lake Street." Later it was renamed Joyce Memorial Methodist Church in honor of Bishop Isaac Wilson Joyce.
Contributing Institution:
Minnesota Annual Conference United Methodist Church
Exterior view of the Center Chain Congregational Church, built in 1896 by William and Jim Clark. It was later sold to the Rebecca Lodge and moved to Armstrong Iowa.
Luther Seminary moved to this facility on Hamline Avenue in St. Paul in 1899 and remained there until its 1917 merger with Red Wing Seminary and the United Church Seminary at the latter's campus in the St. Anthony Park neighborhood of St. Paul. This building is on the corner of Hamline Avenue and Capitol Avenue. Back of photograph reads: Rev. O.E. Brandt, Luther Seminary, Capitol & Hamline.
Exterior view of church building with congregation out front. Man driving horse and buggy. On back of photo: "Vor Frelsers Meninghedskirke in Sacred Heart, Minn."
Exterior view of the Horeb Calvinistic Methodist Church with church members in front of the buildings (note: members are listed on reverse of photograph).
Professional studio photograph taken outside of Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church; front view. Back of photograph labeled, "merged with Bethlehem at New Folden, 1958."
Pictured here is the United Church Seminary's first building at the corner of Franklin Avenue and 26th Avenuein Minneapolis. The United Norwegian Lutheran Church was formed in 1890 by a merger of the Anti-Missourian Brotherhood, the Norwegian Augustana Synod, and the Conference for the Norwegian-Danish Lutheran Church in America, commonly known as ""the Conference."" The Conference brought its Augsburg Seminary to the merger and it was to become the seminary of the new church body. The formerly independent St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minn, was made a college of the new church. But Augsburg was a nine-year school (two years preparatory, four years college, and three years seminary) and a controversy soon developed over the future of Augsburg's four-year college vis-a-vis St. Olaf. Augsburg was incorporated with an independent board of trustees which when presented with an ultimatum refused to turn control of the seminary over to the United Church while the college question was unsettled. The United Church formed a new seminary in 1893. After a bitter court battle, the supporters of Augsburg formed a new denomination in 1897, the Lutheran Free Church, with Augsburg as its college and seminary. Front of photograph reads: U.C. Seminary 1893-1901. Back of photograph reads: M.E. Waldeland, donor, son Olaf Waldeland.
The Kerst sisters, Mother Scholastica (1847-1911) and Sister Alexia (1856-1915) were among the group of Benedictine sisters to come from St. Benedict's Convent in St. Joseph, Minnesota, to found the new Benedictine community in Duluth in 1892.
Schools in north-central Minnesota (1871-1909). In 1892, two sisters (Adela Eich and Casimir Pietron) and a candidate (Miss Rose Carlin - later Sister Josephine) opened a mission in St. Joseph's Parish in Browerville. The parish had built a parochial school, named Holy Angels, consisting of three classrooms and living quarters for sisters. When dissension arose between the Polish and German parishioners that resulted in the establishment of a German parish (St. Peter's), a sister from Holy Angels School taught the German pupils in a rented store. In 1902, when the Germans built their own church, St. Peter's, the school was moved to the church basement. Both schools expanded and prospered, but were eventually consolidated and named Browerville Parochial School, later renamed Christ the King (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
St. Clotilde Music and Art Academy (1890-1906). When the sisters built a new hospital east of the Mississippi River, the former St. Benedict's Hospital was converted to an art/music academy for 40 students. The enrollment of this academy grew to 50. At the same time, the sisters opened a kindergarten in the academy for 26 three to nine-year olds; later that enrollment increased to 57. When a third hospital was built on Ninth Avenue next to the former St. Benedict's Hospital, St. Clotilde's Academy was closed and the building became a school of nursing (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
Expansion of Monastery (1880-1909). The heart of a Benedictine monastery is the chapel. Because of the very small chapel within the first convent complex, the sisters attended religious services in the parish church during their early years in St. Joseph. To sustain a strong daily community liturgical life of prayer within the convent, a larger chapel was built in the Scholastica Hall addition in 1892 to accommodate the sisters (and often the students) as they gathered several times daily for community prayer and Eucharist. Within twenty years, the sisters were beginning plans for a large church, Sacred Heart Chapel, to witness to the centrality of worship, not only for St. Benedict's campus, but for the surrounding area of Stearns County. (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
Reverend Lundgren was a pastor in the Minnesota Conference, Augustana Synod, who was called to serve Fridhem, Red River, and Saron Lutheran church buildings in the Red River Valley district until 1923, when he retired. During his 31 years of service, he traveled 21,000 miles by horse and carriage, 6,070 miles by train, and 41,000 miles by automobile.
Expansion of Monastery (1880-1909). To enhance the solemnity of community worship, the sisters invested in pipe organs from 1904, when this organ was purchased for the chapel in Scholastica Hall, to the present time. Along with the restoration of Gregorian Chant, the Liturgical Movement became a primary focus of the community. For some of its members, in particular Sisters Urban, Cecile, and Gemma Gertken, it became their life's work (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
Schools in south-central Minnesota (1876-1909). Many class groups of students posed on the steps of this church, the pride of St. Joseph's Parish in Minneapolis. The twin steeples of St. Joseph's Church graced the city's landscape for about 100 years before the parish complex was razed by the city's highway system and the entire area was re-surfaced for inner city transportation (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
Expansion of Monastery (1880-1909). From 1882 to 1890 the membership of the Benedictine community at St. Joseph grew to almost 300 professed sisters. The enrollment in St. Benedict's Academy increased to 213 (132 grade school girls and boys and 81 high school girls). Therefore, the sisters added wings to Cecilia Hall (built in 1881-1882) as follows: Benedict Hall in 1883; Scholastica Hall in 1892; Gertrude Hall in 1898. Several factors accounted for this rapid growth: with larger enrollments in the academy, the number of candidates entering the religious community increased; as the Church became more stable when the Northwest Territory was organized as a Vicariate in 1875 and as the St. Cloud Diocese was established in 1889, more parishes developed throughout north central Minnesota; and as sisters went out to teach in more and more schools, the number of candidates from parishes increased. The religious community became more stable and accepted. By 1909, within its first 52 years, the membership grew to 452, and in the next 45 years, St. Benedict's Convent reached its peak membership of 1,278. (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
Early years in St. Joseph, Minnesota (1863-1880). Students in Sister Stephen Schaaf's class of 1892 have been identified as follows: Top row: (Sister Stephen Schaaf), Anna Krahl, Bertha Walz, Christ Walz, George Warnert, Mike Nierengarten, Casper Benning, Frank Rau, Leroy Baloh, Mike Ziegelmeier; 2nd row: Teresa Walz, Lizzie Neis, Molly Roeder, Rose Orth, Anna Walz, Johanna Rau, Mary Mae Schloemer, ___ Burgmeier, Mary Notsch; 1st row: Frank Katzner, Joe Reber, Anton Walz, Joseph Meyer, Pius Ziegelmeier (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
In 1892, the first ceremonies were held accepting new members into the Duluth Benedictine community. Back row, reception of novices, left to right, back row: Sister Benedict Mlynek, Sister Margaret Mary Borsch, Sister James Roche. Front row, Sister Leonissa Sauber, perpetual vows, Sister Jeremia Cannon, first vows.
The front of Plymouth Congregational Church, Minneapolis, Minnesota, appears to be decorated for Easter. In 1875, Plymouth Congregational Church opened its third building four blocks south of the second church on the southeast corner of Eighth Street and Nicollet Avenue in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where a small boarding house had stood. Unsatisfied with the work of local architects, Plymouth�s minister, Henry Stimson, with the help of choir member Samuel Gale, sketched a design and then recruited New York architect Russell Sturgis, who reluctantly agreed to use the design. The structure was unusual for Minneapolis. The large interior included gallery seating. The exterior combined stone and brick. The congregation worshipped here until 1907, when growing membership once again forced the congregation to move to its location on Groveland Avenue, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Schools in north-central Minnesota (1871-1909). This "cathedral on the prairie," like so many other churches dotting the landscape of Stearns County (sometimes referred to as "Little Germany") was reminiscent of the churches in the Old World. St. Martin's Parish first built the rectory (1875) and eleven years later built this church. They did not build a parochial school at this time, but, like most other German communities, invited the Benedictine sisters in 1877 to teach in the district school at St. Martin. The ensuing conflict so rocked the small Catholic community that the sisters chose to withdraw in 1891. After a sixty-year lapse of time, the parish built a parochial school for 212 pupils and the Benedictine sisters returned to teach there. It is most unusual that, despite the turmoil of the early history of St. Martin, fourty-four young women from St. Martin's Parish joined the Benedictine community in St. Joseph (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
Schools in south-central Minnesota (1876-1909). The original group of three Benedictine sisters who opened St. Bernard's School: Sisters Eugenia ONeill (seated), Secunda Hansen (right), Auxilia Kapsner (left). The number of sisters at St. Bernard's Parish increased in subsequent years to thirty sisters serving on the faculty of St. Bernard's School (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
Schools in south-central Minnesota (1876-1909). By 1890, St. Bernard's Parish, clustered around Rice Street in St. Paul, furnished a combination church and school for 220 pupils. Three Benedictine sisters opened a mission there. With frequent additions and finally a new school, St. Bernard's became the largest grade school staffed by the Benedictine sisters -- eventually having an enrollment of 1,280 students (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
This photograph shows the building that had been constructed as the Presbyterian Church in the village of Traverse des Sioux in Nicollet County. The building was used until the congregation merged with one in St. Peter, after which it was used for several other purposes before its abandonment.
Schools in north-central Minnesota (1871-1909). The small village of St. Augusta was settled by Germans in 1854. It was first named Berlin, then Neenah, and in 1856 named St. Augusta by Father Francis Xavier Pierz. Father Pierz was a well-known Indian missionary at Crow Wing who made the rounds on foot to St. Cloud and the neighboring German settlements, carrying only a knapsack containing everything needed for church services. In 1886 Father Pierz organized a parish and a school in St. Augusta, and Benedictine sisters from St. Joseph were invited to teach in that parish/district school. The public versus parochial school controversy did not plague the St. Augusta parishioners (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives, Olsenius, page 118).
Schools in north-central Minnesota (1871-1909). In 1886, St. Benedict's Convent built a small residence for sisters teaching at St. Mary's School in St. Augusta and by 1903, it required an addition. Fifty years later the parish voted to change the district school to a parochial school, but it took another 10 years before a new parochial school was built. Sisters still serve in the St. Mary's School and parish, having given this settlement over 120 years of service (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
Black and white, split photo. Left side photo, drawing of Sacred Heart Church front with steeple. Right side photo of clap - board house, (Sacred Heart Rectory) white picket fence with woman standing in front of door on far right, embellishments at roof sofets, two center upper windows cathedral shaped, Shutters on either side of lower windows.
Mr. Charles Kopp is sitting in a chair wearing a suit with white necktie and leather gloves. Mrs. Kopp is standing at his side with a bouquet of flowers in a white dress with high collar and knee-length veil. Standing on small Oriental rug, faux scene on background.
Exterior view of the Church of the Holy Communion in St. Peter, which is located on the west side of Minnesota Avenue between Broadway and Chestnut street.
Black and white albumen print showing a side alter at St. Peter and Paul Catholic Church in Belle Plaine. The alter is highly decorative carved wood with arches, finials, cut work, and a painted religion scene. It is also decorated with a nativity set. Written on the backside of the image is "Side alter at St. P. and P. Church/Belle Plaine."
Schools in north-central Minnesota (1871-1909). Melrose was settled at a ford in the river on the stagecoach trail between the Red River Valley and St. Cloud. It got its spurt of growth in 1871 as the terminus of the west-bound railroad, making it a marketing center. Melrose (named after Melissa Rose, the daughter of one of the early settlers) soon developed into a strong Catholic community eager to establish its own parish. In 1880, St. Boniface School (parish/district) was built and the Benedictine sisters responded to the pastor's invitation to teach there. By 1894, four sisters were teaching 170 pupils, despite the fact that at first they suffered from the usual prejudice of German communities regarding public versus parochial schools. In subsequent years, the enrollment peaked at 325 pupils even though the Irish parishioners established their own grade/high school and enrolled as many as 166 pupils. When St. Boniface and St. Patrick parishes merged in 1958, the parish and school were renamed St. Mary's School which reached a peak enrollment of 481 (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
Andrew Holm (left) and Andrew Doig (right) standing on roof of the George Healy Vault in Oakwood Cemetery. The Healy Vault was built in 1890 and torn down when the Healy Chapel was built in 1912. The vault had a capacity of approximately 25 caskets and was used to store bodies in the winter until the bodies could be buried in the spring. Col. George Healy built the vault and donated it to Oakwood Cemetery.
A photograph of the front exterior of the Temple Israel synagogue. The Temple Israel Congregation was incorporated as Congregation Shaarei Tov in 1879. This building occupied 501-503 10th Street South in Minneapolis.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Libraries, Nathan and Theresa Berman Upper Midwest Jewish Archives
Exterior of the first United Brethren church built in the Minnesota Conference. Built in 1868 by Rev. John Haney who cut the logs and hauled them with an ox team and put up the logs as high as he could reach all alone. Located in LeSueur Circuit at Horseshoe Lake, Rice Co. The cabin measured 18' by 24'.
Contributing Institution:
Minnesota Annual Conference United Methodist Church
Black and white photograph. View of Sacred Heart Church from balcony-alter in alcove behind large arch, serval pews and chandelier in foreground, curved arch over alter, carved wood pulpit on (photo's)right of alter, statues on either side of alter, with small cloth covered alters (candles and other items on alter) directly under statues, four frames hung on wall from ceiling coving (frames lean away from wall), religious paintings on either side of alter (high on wall) - above on heavy cardboard - embelished in corners geometric design and edges with lines in gold ink. Rear handwriting reads; blue ink "Sacred Heart Church", black ink "176", pencil "p169 top 100%", pencil "041" in circle.
The group of women are all members of the Ladies Aid Society of the Methodist Church; back row, left to right: Mrs. Weyland Stedman, Mrs. C. F. Dibble, Mrs. Susan E. Mount, unknown, Mrs. E. P. Robertson, Mrs. M. Luther, Miss Nellie Rowley, Miss Sadie Rowley, unknown, unknown with daughter, unknown, unknown, Mrs. H. M. Richardson, Mrs. H. E. Gerry, Mrs. N. F. Gilman; center row: Mrs. W. H. Dodge, Mrs. Robert Pollock, unknown, Mrs. S. Geisinger, Mrs. D. A. Morrison, Mrs. E. A. Knowlton (back of Morrison), Mrs. Marla (John) Emerick, Mrs. Covell; front row (sitting): Mrs. George Baihly, Mrs. Frank Doran, Mrs. M. V. Rowley, Mrs. P. L. Dansingburg, Mrs. S. C. Abbott, unknown, unknown
Schools in St. Cloud (1869-1909). The sister-faculty of Holy Angels Grade School in St. Cloud at the turn of the century are identified as follows: (seated left to right): Sisters Ignatia Huntsinger, Eleanor Irving, Ursula Hoffmann, Pauline Heller, Sybilla Vogel; (standing): Sisters Edwina Noessen, Basilia Cosgrove, Sophia Zimmer, Louise Walz. The parish records of the monthly tuition payments for the year 1897-98 list the following number of pupils for each teacher: (listed by room number; the word "grade" is not used; at first there were simply the upper and lower levels): Room 1, Sister Sybilla Vogel, 122; Room 2, Sister Pauline Heller, 78; Room 3, Sister Bonaventure Theisen, 77; Room 4, Sister Sophia Zimmer, 73; Room 5, Sister Louise Walz, 65; Room 6, Sister Eleanor Irving, 58; Room 7, Sister Ursula Hoffmann, 31; Room 8 (George Stelzle), 33. Judging by this record of the size of classes, one can surmise that the lower-level classes had half-day sessions and that in those early years, less than half of the students went beyond a sixth grade education (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives ; McDonald, page 116; Voigt, page 39).
Schools in north-central Minnesota (1871-1909). In 1887, Sisters Clara Billig and Appolonia Jensen began teaching in this one-room parish/district school and convent in Buckman. A combination parochial-district school continued there without opposition for at least another 50 years (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
Early years in St. Joseph, Minnesota (1863-1880). Some of the students in Sister Philothea Valerius' class (c. 1890s) have been identified as follows. Front row left to right: 1. Mary Kotschever, 2. Mary Meyer, 3. Johanna Rau, 5. Bertha Kroll, 6. Mary Lauermann, 7. Bertha Horsch, 8. Monica Ablen, 9. Mary Becker, 10. Mary Schloemer, 11. Bertha Schloemer, 13. Burgmeier, 14. Rose Orth. Second row: 2. Joseph Meyer, 3. Math Bohmer, 4. Michael Meyer, 5. John Reber, 8. Henry Nierengarten (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).