Stella Stocker carrying a balsam fir tree to her and her daughter Clara's camp site. Clara Stocker must have taken this photograph. This snapshot is from Stella Stocker's photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
A view of a lake with Stella Stocker in the foreground writing. A row boat is on the lake shore. This snapshot is from Stella Stocker's photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Five unidentified Chippewa children seated in the grass, taken in Onamia, Minnesota. This image is by Arthur Adams, Minneapolis high school teacher, local historian, and photographer. Adams traveled throughout Minnesota, taking photographs to augment his lectures. His studio was located at 3648 Lyndale Avenue South in Minneapolis.
An unidentified headstone is standing in the Fond du Lac Indian Cemetery. Also called the Roussain Graveyard, the Fond du Lac Indian Cemetery graves were moved to this location because of railroad construction in 1870. The Roussain Graveyard is on Francis Roussain's property. The last burial occurred at this site in 1918.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
A monument and headstones are standing in the Fond du Lac Indian Cemetery. This cemetery was called the Roussain Graveyard as well as the Fond du Lac Indian Cemetery. Graves were moved to this location because of railroad construction in 1870 at the original location. The Roussain Graveyard is on Francis Roussain's property.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
View of an unidentified monument and some headstones in the Fond du Lac Indian Cemetery. This cemetery was called the Roussain Graveyard as well as the Fond du Lac Indian Cemetery. Graves were moved to this location because of railroad construction in 1870 at the original location. The Roussain Graveyard is on Francis Roussain's property.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Also called the Roussain Graveyard, the Fond du Lac Indian Cemetery graves were moved to this location because of railroad construction in 1870. The last burial occurred at this site in 1918. The Roussain Graveyard is on Francis Roussain's property.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
This cemetery was called the Roussain Graveyard as well as the Fond du Lac Indian Cemetery. Graves were moved to this location because of railroad construction in 1870 at the original location. This headstone is for two of Francis Roussain's children who died at ages two and seven in 1817 and 1819. The Roussain Graveyard is on Francis Roussain's property.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Signs for the Fond du Lac Indian Cemetery and for forest fires are visible in this view. Also called the Roussain Graveyard, the Fond du Lac Indian Cemetery graves were moved because of railroad construction in 1870. The Roussain Graveyard is on Francis Roussain's property.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Called the Indian Cemetery or the Roussain Graveyard, this view is from 1927 and shows the second location. The Roussain Graveyard is on Francis Roussain's property. The cemetery was originally located in the right-of-way for the Lake Superior & Mississippi Railroad construction. The graves were moved to this site just prior to the LS&M's completion from St. Paul to Duluth in 1870.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Some sources say the community was named for Tom Penasse, an American Indian from the area, who may be the man pictured. The sign reads, "United States Post Office Penasse Minnesota, The Most Northerly P.O. in U.S.A." Penasse, Minnesota is located in the northern part of Minnesota's Northwest Angle in Lake of the Woods County.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Amik O'Gaabaw (Larry Smallwood), director of language and culture for the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe and enrolled Mille Lacs elder is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview (transcribed by Daniel Jones) for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mr. Smallwood is often asked to tell stories in Ojibwe. He begins with, ""We have teachings that tell us about the different seasons.""
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Dan Jones, Rainy River Ojibwe and Ojibwe language instructor at Fond du Lac Tribal and Community College, is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. He speaks about people's confusion over terms like Ojiwe, Chippewa and Anishinaabe.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Dan Jones, Rainy River Ojibwe and Ojibwe language instructor at Fond du Lac Tribal and Community College, is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mr. Jones is an educator. He states: I really encourage my students, I say, "You know, you can decide for yourself what you want to do and what you want to learn."
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Delores "Dee" Bainbridge educator at Northland College and Bad River Tribal School, Bad River Ojibwe elder, is speaking Ojibwe, her first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. She explains the complexities of Ojibwe with examples and recites the Lord's Prayer in Ojibwe.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Makoons (Oliver Benjamin) and Zhaawanigiizhigookwe (Millie Benjamin), educator of Ojibwe Language and Culture grades 4 through 12 at Nay Ah Shing School on the Mille Lacs reservation, are speaking Ojibwe, their first language, in interviews for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mrs. Benjamin tells a story in Ojibwe about Wenaboozhoo; Nanabozho and why it is important for children to speak the language and to continue it. Mr. Benjamin speaks about his background and teaching the children.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Makoons (Ole Nickaboine) Educator of Ojibwe Language and Culture grades 4 through 12 at Nay Ah Shing School on the Mille Lacs reservation, Mille Lacs Ojibwe elders speaking Ojibwe,his first language, in interviews for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. He speaks about teaching children and teaching them the Ojibwe language.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
George Dick, Red Lake Ojibwe elder is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mr. Dick states: Don't ever make fun of anybody - don't - and don't ever forget anybody.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Mille Lacs Ojibwe elder Naawigiizis (Jim Clark) is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. He worked for Fairview Hospital in Minneapolis from 1953, in purchasing and into a warehouse firm distributing to hospitals. Mr. Clark states about the Spirit: I wonder if he will listen to us when we are speaking a different language, when we use the white man's language.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Bawdwaywidun (Eddie Benton-Benai) was active in the American Indian Movement (AIM), is a member of the Midewiwin Lodge, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe elder, speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. He speaks about his birth, name, and family but also history and culture.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Bawdwaywidun (Eddie Benton-Benai) was active in the American Indian Movement (AIM), is a member of the Midewiwin Lodge, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe elder, speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Bawdwaywidun (Eddie Benton-Benai) was active in the American Indian Movement (AIM), is a member of the Midewiwin Lodge, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe elder, speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Enrolled Leech Lake elder Anangookwe (Marlene Stately) is speaking Ojibwe, her first language (transcribed by Nancy Jones), in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. She has worked at the Arrowhead Community College, teaching Ojibwe language and at Niigane Immersion Schoo, and Bug O Nay Ge Shing School. She states, "Our children come first, so that they can listen to the way we speak."
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Gi Mi Wun (Raining Boyd), army veteran, truck driver retiring in 1978, singer and member of the drum society and Mille Lacs Ojibwe elder is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mr. Boyd states: As an Indian being helped from the spirits, there is an the understanding of what is being talked about by the Indian.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Keller Papp, Red Cliff Ojibwe is speaking Ojibwe in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Keller Paap studies linguistics. He states: First of all, I make a tobacco offering to the spirits every day. It has only been five years since I started learning to speak Anishinaabemowin.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
