Wilf Cyr, Northwest Bay Canada Ojibwe elder is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Magee-Macoons (Robert Strong), enrolled Bois Forte elder is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mr. Strong addresses the importance of the Ojibwe language and its survival for the younger generation. He tells a story in Ojibwe.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Gi Mi Wun (Raining Boyd), army veteran, truck driver retiring in 1978, singer and member of the drum society and Mille Lacs Ojibwe elder is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mr. Boyd states: As an Indian being helped from the spirits, there is an the understanding of what is being talked about by the Indian.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Makoons (Ole Nickaboine) Educator of Ojibwe Language and Culture grades 4 through 12 at Nay Ah Shing School on the Mille Lacs reservation, Mille Lacs Ojibwe elders speaking Ojibwe,his first language, in interviews for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. He speaks about teaching children and teaching them the Ojibwe language.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Makoons (Oliver Benjamin) and Zhaawanigiizhigookwe (Millie Benjamin), educator of Ojibwe Language and Culture grades 4 through 12 at Nay Ah Shing School on the Mille Lacs reservation, are speaking Ojibwe, their first language, in interviews for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mrs. Benjamin tells a story in Ojibwe about Wenaboozhoo; Nanabozho and why it is important for children to speak the language and to continue it. Mr. Benjamin speaks about his background and teaching the children.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Enrolled Leech Lake elder Anangookwe (Marlene Stately) is speaking Ojibwe, her first language (transcribed by Nancy Jones), in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. She has worked at the Arrowhead Community College, teaching Ojibwe language and at Niigane Immersion Schoo, and Bug O Nay Ge Shing School. She states, "Our children come first, so that they can listen to the way we speak."
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Margaret "Sweet Pea" Big George, storyteller, accomplished jingle dress dancer, Big Island First Nations, Ojibwe elder is speaking Ojibwe, her first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Ms. Big George states: When we were let to, we always spoke the language.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Amik O'Gaabaw (Larry Smallwood), director of language and culture for the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe and enrolled Mille Lacs elder is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview (transcribed by Daniel Jones) for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mr. Smallwood is often asked to tell stories in Ojibwe. He begins with, ""We have teachings that tell us about the different seasons.""
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Keller Papp, Red Cliff Ojibwe is speaking Ojibwe in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Keller Paap studies linguistics. He states: First of all, I make a tobacco offering to the spirits every day. It has only been five years since I started learning to speak Anishinaabemowin.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Amikogaabowiikwe (Julie Shingobe), college graduate, chemical dependency counselor, member of the Grand Medicine Society/Midewiwin, and enrolled Mille Lacs elder is speaking Ojibwe, her first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Ms. Shingobe speaks of her birth and what she was taught. She remembered: "We were terrified of the nuns, we did not want to be there."
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Mille Lacs Ojibwe elder Naawigiizis (Jim Clark) is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. He worked for Fairview Hospital in Minneapolis from 1953, in purchasing and into a warehouse firm distributing to hospitals. Mr. Clark states about the Spirit: I wonder if he will listen to us when we are speaking a different language, when we use the white man's language.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Jim Bedeau, Leech Lake Ojibwe elder who lives in Onigum, is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. He tells a story in Ojibwe about vision and how to live a life from a baby forward. He speaks about teaching the children.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
George Dick, Red Lake Ojibwe elder is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mr. Dick states: Don't ever make fun of anybody - don't - and don't ever forget anybody.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Bawdwaywidun (Eddie Benton-Benai) was active in the American Indian Movement (AIM), is a member of the Midewiwin Lodge, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe elder, speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Bawdwaywidun (Eddie Benton-Benai) was active in the American Indian Movement (AIM), is a member of the Midewiwin Lodge, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe elder, speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Bawdwaywidun (Eddie Benton-Benai) was active in the American Indian Movement (AIM), is a member of the Midewiwin Lodge, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe elder, speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. He speaks about his birth, name, and family but also history and culture.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Delores "Dee" Bainbridge educator at Northland College and Bad River Tribal School, Bad River Ojibwe elder, is speaking Ojibwe, her first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. She explains the complexities of Ojibwe with examples and recites the Lord's Prayer in Ojibwe.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Dan Jones, Rainy River Ojibwe and Ojibwe language instructor at Fond du Lac Tribal and Community College, is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. He speaks about people's confusion over terms like Ojiwe, Chippewa and Anishinaabe.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Dan Jones, Rainy River Ojibwe and Ojibwe language instructor at Fond du Lac Tribal and Community College, is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mr. Jones is an educator. He states: I really encourage my students, I say, "You know, you can decide for yourself what you want to do and what you want to learn."
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Waagosh (Anton Treuer), Bemidji State University Professor of Languages and Ethnic Studies, Indian Studies, and Director of American Indian Resource Center, an enrolled member of the Leech Lake Ojibwe, is speaking Ojibwe in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Dr. Treuer stated: "Approximately ten years ago I did not know how to speak Indian. But now when I lay down to sleep in the evening I dream in Indian."
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Waagosh (Anton Treuer), Bemidji State University Professor of Languages and Ethnic Studies, Indian Studies, and Director of American Indian Resource Center, an enrolled member of the Leech Lake Ojibwe, is speaking Ojibwe in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Dr. Treuer stated: "Approximately ten years ago I did not know how to speak Indian. But now when I lay down to sleep in the evening I dream in Indian."
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Albert Churchill, ceremonial drum keeper, spiritual leader and Midewiwin member, Mille Lacs Ojibwe elder is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. He states: I like our language; I like to sit and talk, and I like to sit and listen.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Chippewa Region Historical Society; Beltrami County Historical Society
Date Created:
1952-11-11
Description:
The recording is a joint meeting of the Chippewa Region Historical Society and BCHS on Oct 11, 1952, at the Catholic High School; Dr. Charles Vandersluis provides the initial voiceover; a woman talks about two Ojibwe women she knew who were students at a boarding school; a man speaks about the Ojibwe men who studied under Bishop Whipple; another man speaks about Joseph Renville; John G. Morrison, Jr., speaks about the Battle at Sugar Point. This record contains parts of multiple interviews. Please refer to the transcripts for help understanding these.
The recording is a 90th birthday celebration for John G. Morrison, Jr., probably featuring members of the Beltrami County Historical Society. Morrison's birthday was October 30, 1963; he died less than three months later. The recording may have been made by Dr. Charles Vandersluis. This record contains parts of multiple interviews. Please refer to the transcripts for help understanding these.
The recording is presentation before the BCHS about the history of the Red Lake fisheries with John G. Morrison, Jr., and an unnamed fishery employee. Morrison explains how the Ojibwe kept fish for winter use; and how he helped write a bill regulating the fishing industry on Red Lake. Morrison discusses consulting with state officials to get the fisheries set up. The unnamed fishery employee discusses a lawsuit in 1927 accusing the state of participating in a competitive enterprise; the first board of directors; total fish produced; condition of fish; fishing nets; types of fish in the lake; the current number of participating fishermen and employees; how Native Americans get paid; decreasing demand for whole fish; how fish are shipped; how much ice they harvest; the threat of the lamprey eel; and a cash journal in his possession from the fisheries in 1919. This record contains parts of multiple interviews. Please refer to the transcripts for help understanding these.
This is the recording of a presentation on the history of music in Minnesota presented by an anonymous person. The presenter speaks about music history, sings a song arranged by Frances Densmore in some way representing Ojibwe music, sings a French Canadian voyageur song, and sings a song dating to territorial Minnesota arranged by Bessie Stanchfield called "The Beauty of the West" with the audience joining in. The final part of the recording seems to be Dr. Charles Vandersluis showing the recording device to his family or a private group. This record contains parts of multiple interviews. Please refer to the transcripts for help understanding these.
Pat Gallagher and Bob Meyer describe early Melrose and "Gallagher Days", honoring James Gallagher who led the first non-stop flight in circum-navigating the earth.
Clarence Johnson talks about his work in the Civilian Conservation Corps. He describes the camp at Big Lake in Beltrami County, Minnesota and the various work assignments including fire prevention, firefighting, road building, tree planting, roadside cleanup and forest conservation.
Alfred (Irv) Nelson discusses his work with Company 708 of the Civilian Conservation Corps located at Rabideau Lake, South of Blackduck in Beltrami County, Minnesota. He describes the camp and camp life, and the various work projects including road building, tree planting, firefighting and fire prevention.
The multi-part recording is John G. Morrison, Jr., showing a small group his collections, which were the basis for the original BCHS collections. On the tour, he describes a violin that belonged to his father; his collection of pipes; Navajo rugs; his grandfather's snuffbox and wallet; an assortment of drums and their purposes; bowls; a shopping bag; a battle flag; baby boards; snowshoes; a model tipi; a gambling game; tools and utensils; buckskin bags to carry food; a flint-lock musket; lacrosse sticks; war clubs; powder horns; a quiver; the knuckle game; sashes; headdresses; a stick detailing the training of a warrior; necklaces; and tobacco pouches.He discusses headdresses; water drums; grand medicine; beading; what the Ojibwe used before beads; a doll; dancing regalia; a bead sack; the differences between Sioux and Ojibwe beading designs; how different tribes recognized one another; a battle between the Sioux and Ojibwe; how Red Lake got its name; how the Ojibwe tanned leather; a tobacco sack; a shopping bag; a medicine rattle; a deer tail headdress; and the knuckle game. This record contains parts of multiple interviews. Please refer to the transcripts for help understanding these.
A talk given by Lyle Klein, music instructor. He spoke on the origins of bands in Ely beginning with the first band of about 12 people known as the "Ely Cornet Band," or the Brass Band or the City Band, and sometimes all three names were used in the same newspaper article. Bands began in 1888-1889. Klein lists the various band directors through to 1967. Most school students were members of bands and Ely had an excellent instrumental music program. The school music directors followed closely the list of city band directors. Klein speaks of the Sampo Band under the direction of Charles Klemola a trumpet player and composer.The talk touches on the various ethnic bands as well.
Lee Gresser was the first director and employee of Hennepin Technical College. He, the District 287 Board (made up of 15 individual suburban school districts), and Richard Emery were instrumental in lobbying for a suburban vocational-technical school, buying land, deciding which programs to offer, and who to hire to teach the programs. Lee was interviewed by Joyce Randall Senechal. Also present in the room were Carole Carlson and Marty Patterson.
Interview with Ziba B. Clark. He relates some of his personal history, and also tells that his grandmother was a cousin of President John Quincy Adams and his wife was a direct descendent of Martin Luther. This interview is part of a Works Progress Administration (WPA) in Crow Wing County during the years 1936-1939. This outreach effort sought to record personal accounts of the lives of early Crow Wing County pioneers and settlers.
Yung Lyun Ko arrived in the United States from Korea in 1972. As a young assistant professor at Kun Kook University in Seoul, he had decided to further his career through graduate study in educational statistics at Illinois State University in Bloomington, Illinois. After his family arrived in 1973, however, he could no longer afford to continue his study, and he went to work as an aspiration therapist in a hospital in Chicago. In 1974 Ko and his family moved to Minneapolis after Korean friends persuaded him to do so by saying that the Twin Cities provided a better environment to work and raise a family. Although Ko was a professional in Korea, his training was not transferable to American society, and he had to take a blue-collar job working at Crown Meat Company in Minneapolis. Frustrated by this situation, Ko threw himself into working for the Korean community through the Korean Association of Minnesota. In 1974 he was instrumental in establishing the Korean Institute, a Saturday school for Korean children of immigrants and adoptive parents, where classes in Korean language and culture, as well as social activities, were provided on a weekly basis. In 1979 Ko began a two-year term as president of the Korean Association. He and his family are also active in the Korean United Methodist Church in Oakdale. Shuk Ko arrived with the children in Bloomington, Illinois, in 1973 to join her husband. After they moved to Minnesota she also became active in Korean community organizations in addition to full-time work outside their home. As the wife of the president of the Korean Association she was expected to organize and persuade the women to do much of the work for special events in the Korean community, such as cooking meals for large numbers of people, and arranging children's activities. Shuk and the children are also active in the Korean United Methodist Church. SUBJECTS DISCUSSED: The Kos discuss the dynamics of the Korean community in the Twin Cities, and the cultural and religious organizations in the community. They also discuss the problems of childrearing in the immigrant situation and their concern that the children will develop a Korean or Korean-American identity. Yung Lyun discusses special events, such as Korean Day, that are organized annually by the Korean Association, and Shuk describes the changing family structure and extensive work of the women in community activities. COMMENTS ON INTERVIEW: Because he is president of the Korean Association, Yung Lyun Ko is in a position to know a great deal about the Korean community and to provide information on all the community organizations. Shuk Ko is also in a position to know about the contributions of the women to community events and programs.
You Vang Yang is the mother of May Hang and is the daughter of Nhia Vang. Her maiden clan name is Vang and she married into the Yang clan. She is sixty years old and has nine children. She is widowed. She immigrated to the U.S. twenty-four years ago. She was born in Xuv Npuv, Laos. She is a White Hmong by birth, Blue Hmong by marriage. SUBJECTS DISCUSSED: Biographical information and religious affiliation. Childhood-school attendance, duties at home, community service, skills taught, social activities as a child, aspirations as a child. Hmong women's roles-decision making inside and outside of home and clan, women in leadership roles and how they are seen in the community, what women do to support their families, family planning, when women feel respected or disrespected. The war and living in refugee camps-memories of fleeing Laos, of refugee camps, difference in treatment of men and women in the camps. Adjustments since coming to the U.S.-skills needed to adjust, learning English, skills from Laos and Thailand that are adaptable or useable in the U.S., citizenship, leadership roles for women in the U.S. versus Laos, public contributions by Hmong women. COMMENTS ON INTERVIEW: All interviews were recorded in Hmong. Transcripts in both English and Hmong are available for each interview.
Yoeuth Yan was a student in 1975 when the Khmer Rouge regime began. He was sent out of Battambang City and was not allowed to join his family in Posat Province. He fell ill with malaria while working on the youth mobile team and, after recovering, was able to locate his mother and siblings. He then learned that his father had been taken by the Khmer Rouge and killed. Yan became sick with malaria again, but was still made to work in various camps throughout the regime including a reeducation" camp. After the Vietnamese soldiers arrived in 1979
Y Nor was 55 years old when the Khmer Rouge regime began in 1975. One of his sons was studying in Europe at the time. He was separated from his two eldest sons and they were killed. Two of his daughters died of illness and starvation. He and his wife and four surviving children were split up at various times in different work camps. Y Nor worked digging canals and building dams and maintaining rice and sugar plantations. He did not receive adequate medical attention for infections. They escaped to Khao I Dang refugee camp, then were transferred to Chonburi camp and then came to Minnesota.
Yer Moua is the mother of Mai Neng Moua and is the daughter of Ong Vang. Her maiden clan name is Yer. Her clan is the Vue clan and she married into the Moua clan. She is sixty-five years old, and she has four children, all living. She attended school in the U.S. She has been widowed many years. She immigrated to the U.S. in 1981. She was born in Thab Tam, Xeev Khuam, Laos. She is a White Hmong. SUBJECTS DISCUSSED: Biographical information and religious affiliation. Childhood-school attendance, duties at home, community service, skills taught, social activities as a child, aspirations as a child. Hmong women's roles-decision making inside and outside of home and clan, women in leadership roles and how they are seen in the community, what women do to support their families, family planning, when women feel respected or disrespected. The war and living in refugee camps-memories of fleeing Laos, of refugee camps, difference in treatment of men and women in the camps. Adjustments since coming to the U.S.-skills needed to adjust, learning English, skills from Laos and Thailand that are adaptable or useable in the U.S., citizenship, leadership roles for women in the U.S. versus Laos, public contributions by Hmong women. COMMENTS ON INTERVIEW: The interview was conducted predominantly in Hmong. The Hmong transcript and an English translation are bound together for this interview.
Yang Cha Ying immigrated to the United States on October 7, 1980. Prior to his immigration he was an assistant to the mayor of Por Far, Laos. Yang Cha Ying also served as a soldier from 1950-1953. Currently, he is retired, though he acts as an advisor for the police when making domestic calls. SUBJECTS DISCUSSED: Yang Cha Ying describes his life in Laos, particularly the time he spent fighting in the wars, in detail. He talks about his adjustment to life in the United States and his role as an advisor for the police in domestic situations, explaining cultural differences. Yang Cha Ying hopes that the youth of his culture will learn to respect the elderly. COMMENTS ON INTERVIEW: Interview translated by May Herr.
Tenzin Dolkar was born in Dingri, Tibet. She moved to Nepal when she was young with her family. Dolkar moved to Minnesota in 1993 as part of the United States Tibetan Resettlement Project. SUBJECTS DISCUSSED: Parents, family, leaving Tibet, living in a Tibetan settlement in Nepal, United States Tibetan Resettlement Project, Tibetan Green Book, deciding to come to the U.S., family separation, coming to the US, challenges, including gangs and violence, community, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, finding work in Minnesota, immigration challenges, caring for ill husband, death of son, Buddhism, opportunities in the U.S., Tibetan Youth Congress (TYC), singing. COMMENTS ON INTERVIEW: This interview was conducted in Tibetan and transcribed in English.
Xeng Sue Yang is a Hmong man, 44 years old. He was a soldier for the CIA (1960-1975) and farmer in Laos. Since arriving in the United States in 1979, he has lived in Minneapolis. Presently he is a story teller and a musician. He is married to Khou Xiong Yang. SUBJECTS DISCUSSED: Xeng Sue Yang talks of his life as a CIA soldier in the Vietnam War and his feelings of patriotism. Tales of adjustment to life in the United States are related as well as observations regarding the differences in the legal systems of the two countries. Xeng Sue Yang concludes the interview with a statement of hope to keep his culture alive. COMMENTS ON INTERVIEW: Interview translated by May Herr.
Interview with Xang Vang in which he discusses his work as a CIA operative during the Secret War in Laos 1961-1975 and his work in Minnesota as the Executive Director of the Lao Family Community of Minnesota. He also worked as a Hmong business entrepreneur and one of the first Hmong growers to sell produce at the St. Paul Farmers Market.
Interview with W. V. Putney and his wife, Eliza. They give a lengthy account of some of their personal and family histories. This interview is part of a Works Progress Administration (WPA) in Crow Wing County during the years 1936-1939. This outreach effort sought to record personal accounts of the lives of early Crow Wing County pioneers and settlers.
Interview with W. S. Hunt. He tells some of his personal history. This interview is part of a Works Progress Administration (WPA) in Crow Wing County during the years 1936-1939. This outreach effort sought to record personal accounts of the lives of early Crow Wing County pioneers and settlers.
Interview with W. J. Thompson. He briefly relates some of his personal and family history. This interview is part of a Works Progress Administration (WPA) in Crow Wing County during the years 1936-1939. This outreach effort sought to record personal accounts of the lives of early Crow Wing County pioneers and settlers.
In an oral history conducted by St. Cloud State University Professor of History Calvin (Cal) Gower on May 3, 1982, Winston Borden described his family background. Born in 1943, Borden grew up Center Township near Brainerd, Minnesota. Borden's grandparents migrated to Center Township, north of Brainerd, Minnesota, in the 1880s. Borden had two brothers and one sister. He discussed his reasons to attend St. Cloud State University, as well as the encouragement from his teachers and family that led him to be the first member of his family to attend college. Borden graduated from Brainerd High School in 1961, and attended St. Cloud State University on a speech scholarship that fall. While at St. Cloud State, Borden was heavily involved in the "Young Democrats" as well as student government. He chronicled in great detail about the effectiveness of some of his professors, like Dr. Jim Davis, who made subjects come alive and opened him up to new experiences. He also talked about the influence o
Wing Young Huie was born May 3, 1955, in Duluth, Minnesota. He is the youngest son of Duluth restaurateur Joe Huie, who emigrated from China to Duluth in 1909 at age 17 and operated the widely known Joe Huie Cafe from 1951 to 1973. Because of restrictive United States immigration laws, Joe Huie's family remained in China until after World War II. Wing Young Huie, born after their arrival in Duluth in the early 1950s, is the only American-born member of the family. Wing Young Huie spent his childhood in Duluth, where he attended public elementary and secondary schools. After graduation from high school he enrolled at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis and received a bachelor's degree in journalism in 1978. Since then he has been engaged in freelance writing and photography. He has had articles with his own photos published in Lake Superior Port Cities and Minneapolis-St. Paul Magazine. One of his photos appears in a 1981 book published by the Minnesota Historical Society Press, They Chose Minnesota: A Survey of the State's Ethnic Groups. He also contributed photographs for an exhibit on Asians in Minnesota that opened at the Minnesota Historical Society in May of 1982. SUBJECTS DISCUSSED: He discusses the experience of growing up in a Chinese immigrant family, his sense of loss in knowing little about his own heritage, and his searching for roots by enrolling in Chinese history and language courses at the University of Minnesota. He also discusses the isolation of his mother, Lee Ngook Kum Huie, who does not speak English, and the cultural barrier between Chinese students and Chinese-American students at the university. He points out that although racial discrimination was relatively mild in Duluth, his father had a difficult time getting a haircut in the early years, and he himself encountered problems in interracial dating in high school. COMMENTS ON INTERVIEW: Wing Young Huie is an articulate member of the second generation who grew up in the Chinese community in Duluth, and his interview is particularly valuable for the insights into this experience. Part of the tape is marred by poor audio quality, but most of it can be understood.
Interview with Winfield S. Orne. He tells some of his personal history. This interview is part of a Works Progress Administration (WPA) in Crow Wing County during the years 1936-1939. This outreach effort sought to record personal accounts of the lives of early Crow Wing County pioneers and settlers.
Will Swanson (1947-) grew up in Minnesota and studied ceramics, art and design at the University of Minnesota. After working at Fairview Hospital for fifteen years, Swanson married Janel Jacobson and began making pottery full-time at their home studio in Sunrise Township, Minnesota. He also helped co-found the St. Croix Valley Pottery Tour. Janel Jacobson (1950-) grew up in various parts of Minnesota and studied ceramics at Luther College in Decorah, Iowa before establishing her own studio in the St. Croix Valley. After graduating, she studied studio pottery techniques with renowned Bauhaus artist Marguerite Wildenhain, but soon adopted her own style of carving small sculptures in clay. In 1995, Janel stopped carving in stoneware and porcelain and began using wood. In this interview, Swanson and Jacobson discuss their respective childhoods; ceramics education; connections to the local and national pottery communities; and thoughts on the past, present and future of the St. Croix Valley Pottery Tour. This interview was conducted by local oral historian and PhD Candidate from the University of Minnesota Anduin Wilhide. ""A Measure of the Earth: An Oral History of the Potters of the St. Croix River Valley"" explores the anomalous community of potters in Eastern Minnesota who host an annual cooperative tour for participating ceramic artists from around the world. This annual three-day event attracts art enthusiasts from across the country. Together the project's ten oral history interviews, representing diverse perspectives from within the local pottery community, tell the story of how, from the 1950s to today, Minnesota�s St. Croix River Valley has developed into a major center for pottery, and a destination for thousands nationally.
Willis Kingsbury, 47 years old, was born and reared in Minneapolis. He graduated from North Dakota State University with a degree in architecture. Mr. Kingsbury has served as community development director of the city of Moorhead and director of the Red River Valley Interpretive Center. He describes his experiences as a city employee and outlines the changes in Moorhead resulting from urban renewal and economic development programs.
Interview with Willis C. Mills. He tells some of his personal history. This interview is part of a Works Progress Administration (WPA) in Crow Wing County during the years 1936-1939. This outreach effort sought to record personal accounts of the lives of early Crow Wing County pioneers and settlers.
In an oral history conducted by St. Cloud State University Professor of History Calvin (Cal) Gower on May 29, 1982, William Whitaker described his family history and educational background. He was born on September 26, 1910, in Rockville, Minnesota. His father worked for the granite industry in Wisconsin, St. Paul, and then Rockville. Whitaker graduated from St. Cloud Technical (Tech) High School in 1927. He knew he wanted to be a teacher, with a long-term goal of becoming a college professor, so he immediately began taking classes at St. Cloud State. Before he graduated, he took a year off to teach in Wabun, Minnesota, before returning to the university to finish his education. Whitaker talked about his time off from his undergraduate work to tour with a Chautauqua group, and later to teach in Wabun, Minnesota, near Detroit Lakes. Whitaker described his time at St. Cloud State. He claimed that the majority of students at the time he attended were from small towns and farming families. He mentioned George Selke's great oratorical ability and the success it had at bringing many young people from the Iron Range to the university. Whitaker said he had to work to put himself through school, even holding three jobs at one time. He also discussed his impression of the relationship between the city of St. Cloud and the college. Whitaker also remembers some of the professors he worked with, including St. Cloud State president George Selke and Evelyn Pribble. Whitaker talked more about his work and education experiences after graduating from St. Cloud State in 1932. He discussed that the Depression made it very difficult to find work, and was the reason why he went to Brooklyn for a few years before finding a teaching job back in Minnesota. Whitaker also discussed his time in the Navy, which led him to serve in both World War II and the Korean War. Whitaker described some of his travels, including time spent in Singapore, as well some of the duties he had as an officer in the Navy.
Interview with William W. Bane. He gives some of his personal and family histories. This interview is part of a Works Progress Administration (WPA) in Crow Wing County during the years 1936-1939. This outreach effort sought to record personal accounts of the lives of early Crow Wing County pioneers and settlers.
Interview with William Tomson. He relates some of the personal and family history of both his wife, Ethel, and himself. This interview is part of a Works Progress Administration (WPA) in Crow Wing County during the years 1936-1939. This outreach effort sought to record personal accounts of the lives of early Crow Wing County pioneers and settlers.
Interview with William Strause. He tells some of his personal history. This interview is part of a Works Progress Administration (WPA) in Crow Wing County during the years 1936-1939. This outreach effort sought to record personal accounts of the lives of early Crow Wing County pioneers and settlers.
William A. Smaby was born at Peterson, Fillmore County, Minnesota, in 1904. He reflects on his experiences as the Concordia College business office manager since 1952. Mr. Smaby discusses the importance of rural students attending college, interest of parents and teachers, and salary negotiations. He also describes the problems and successes of the greatest �growth period� in the history of the College.
Interview with William Sherman Hall. He relates some of his personal history. This interview is part of a Works Progress Administration (WPA) in Crow Wing County during the years 1936-1939. This outreach effort sought to record personal accounts of the lives of early Crow Wing County pioneers and settlers.
Interview with William Reid and his wife, Alice. They relate some of their personal histories, including that he was the first physician between Brainerd and Aitkin back in 1903, making his rounds by horse and buggy. This interview is part of a Works Progress Administration (WPA) in Crow Wing County during the years 1936-1939. This outreach effort sought to record personal accounts of the lives of early Crow Wing County pioneers and settlers.
Interview with William P. Bartsch. He tells of immigrating from Germany, being a musician in traveling shows, and being a music teacher in Brainerd for 52 years. This interview is part of a Works Progress Administration (WPA) in Crow Wing County during the years 1936-1939. This outreach effort sought to record personal accounts of the lives of early Crow Wing County pioneers and settlers.
In an oral history conducted by David H. Overy on April 9, 1991, William H. "Bill" Nunn discussed his experiences as a personnel administrator in the Army stationed in India during World War II. Born and raised in Texas, Nunn enlisted in the Army Reserve Corps and was called to active duty in 1943. In this interview, Nunn described his experiences as a military administrator in India and his interactions with the Indian population during his tour. He discussed often using his free time to travel to different cities and looked to explore India's culture. Lastly, Nunn discussed segregation in the Army, and how it had begun to integrate by the end of World War II. After his service in World War II, Nunn returned to college and received his master's degree in Political Science in 1948. He taught high school in Galveston, Texas, before accepting a position at St. Cloud State College in 1954. Nunn was born on January 15, 1922 and passed away on April 17, 2016.
In an oral history conducted by Robert Nelson on May 5, 1989, William Nunn described his educational background, with some focus on his family background, too. Nunn was born in 1922 in Paris, Texas. Nunn graduated from Bonham High School in 1940, then attended Northern Texas State University in Denton, Texas. He said his father was a very successful attorney in Texas, which initially inspired him to pursue law in college. However, he chronicled how his experiences in the Army during World War II led him to change his path to instead pursue teaching. Nunn talked about how he decided to pursue his master's degree in Political Science, which led him to gain experience teaching in different lab schools around the country. Nunn started at St. Cloud State in 1954. His job was to supervise student teachers. He described the state that the program was in when he arrived and how several other professors who were involved with it, including Bill Cotton and John Talbot. Nunn claimed he had success in opening districts in Milaca, Paynesville, and other areas to student teachers from St. Cloud. Nunn described his experience in the History department, as well as his time as head of the legislative committee and as Faculty Association president from 1965 to 1967. Nunn believed that the increased departmentalization at the college, which accompanied its rapid growth, has hurt the institution in many ways. Nunn expressed his view of how St. Cloud State changed since 1954 when Nunn arrived. He discussed some major events that impacted the school, such as the unrest that occurred during the Vietnam War. He claimed that St. Cloud State always had an image problem that it was not a good school and its label as a party school was misleading. Nunn claimed that St. Cloud State never really been able to get a good feel of the community, that the two never really got to know each other. Finally, Nunn described his efforts at establishing the tri-college East Asian Studies Program and his several trips to Japan.
Interview with William Nelson. He relates some of his personal history. This interview is part of a Works Progress Administration (WPA) in Crow Wing County during the years 1936-1939. This outreach effort sought to record personal accounts of the lives of early Crow Wing County pioneers and settlers.
William Jones' career was as an educator. He first taught in Thief River Falls. He conducted the band there. He had various jobs in other towns until they came to Moorhead in 1972. He is presently the Academic Vice-President of Moorhead State University and his wife is director of External Studies also at MSU. They both are planning to retire at the end of the 1984-1985 school year.
Interview with William Milander. He relates some of his personal and family history. This interview is part of a Works Progress Administration (WPA) in Crow Wing County during the years 1936-1939. This outreach effort sought to record personal accounts of the lives of early Crow Wing County pioneers and settlers.
William Mayberg was born in Russia in 1887. He married in 1911, came to the United States in 1913, and had two sons. He was self-educated but was a teacher most of his life. He also operated small grocery stores in Minneapolis and St. Paul. He died in 1978. SUBJECTS DISCUSSED: Jewish children's education in Russia and the United States - poverty of immigrant life - history of the Zionist movement - a Zionist farm and school in Champlin, Minnesota - and religion.
William Kenney was born in Park River, North Dakota in 1911. He went into business in Moorhead in 1938. He went into the Navy in 1942 until 1945. Mr. Kenney tells of his experience in business and of his ownership of a cage and hotel in Moorhead from 1945 to 1974.