Early years in St. Cloud (1857-1863). The six Benedictine women (4 sisters and 2 candidates) arrived in St. Cloud from St. Marys, Pennsylvania, earlier than expected; no convent had been prepared for them. John Tenvoorde's boarding house and entertainment hall (on the far left) was rented for ten months as the first convent in the Midwest frontier. Describing this convent, Prior Demetrius di Marogna, OSB, pastor of the German settlers in St. Cloud, wrote: "The house has two rooms and a spacious refectory with a built-on kitchen and above the refectory, a long attic room where ten or twelve school children's beds can easily be placed. Well, garden, and cellar are in the enclosure. But the rent for the year is $250.00...that price is cheap for here." (McDonald, page29) ..In this temporary abode, the sisters took in 6 boarders, and taught music, art, needlework, English, German, and religion to Catholics and non-Catholics in the neighborhood. The following year they were able to move to the renovated St. Mary's Church and Convent (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives; McDonald, pages 27-34).
Early years in St. Joseph, Minnesota (1863-1880). This sketch of the layout of the first church/school/convent complex in St. Joseph was drawn in 1930 by Sister Paula Bechtold, OSB, from her memory of St. Joseph's Convent where she had lived as a young sister. This complex became the home of the Benedictine sisters when they moved from St. Cloud to St. Joseph in 1863. Gradually a small campus to the west of the complex developed -- consisting of laundry, bakery, summer house, chicken coop, barn, woodshed, and a well. Though the primary purpose of the sisters' coming to St. Joseph was to teach the children of the parish, the site served well as the beginnings of St. Benedict's Convent which continued to flourish in St. Joseph. Varied projects were begun in this simple convent complex: the school (the beginnings of the academy), care of orphans, and the Industrial School for Indian girls. In 1886, the old complex of log church and school was completely destroyed by fire. Although new housing had to be found for the orphans and the Industrial School, a new convent/academy had already been built in 1881-1882. With the completion of that new building, the name was changed from St. Joseph's Convent to St. Benedict's Convent (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives; McDonald, pages 59-62, 70-72, 120-122).
Dr. Vespasian Smith was the third mayor of Duluth. Born Oct. 21, 1818 in Mt. Vernon, Ohio, he earned a medical degree from Western Reserve College in 1851 and practiced in Ohio and Superior, Wisconsin before moving to Duluth. In 1860 he received a government appointment to serve as physician to the Indians at the Bayfield Agency. It is said that there were no votes opposing his first election to mayor, in 1873, except his own. He was re-elected the following year. The financial panic of 1873 and dire financial circumstances of Duluth itself made for difficult mayoral terms, but he was said to have been a man of great common sense who was well suited to lead during such times. He also served on the State Board of Health for twenty years. Dr. Smith died in Duluth on Oct. 11, 1897.
St. Benedict's Mission, White Earth Indian Reservation (White Earth Band of Ojibwe). The various American Indian bands living in Canada and the Northwest Territory fought among themselves and the white settlers as Indian hunting grounds continued to be lost. The Dakotas finally settled farther west and the Ojibwe made land treaties with the U.S. government which reserved land around specific lakes in northern Minnesota for them. However, in 1867, the U.S. government ordered the Ojibwe to give up their scattered settlements and gather in one large reservation at White Earth. The reservation was then divided into agencies with government officials placed in charge. The bishop of the Northwest Territory sent Father Ignatius Tomazin to serve the Catholics at White Earth. Father Tomazin was a missionary from Yugoslavia who had worked among the Ojibwe for some years in the Crow Wing area and was known for his zeal in protecting their rights. While he was courageous in protesting the evils of discrimination practiced by the government agents, he perhaps lacked patience and diplomacy in his confrontations. As a result, Father Tomazin was forced off the reservation and transferred to Red Lake. In 1878, Abbot Rupert Seidenbusch, OSB, who had been appointed bishop of the newly-formed Northern Vicariate, asked St. John's Abbey to provide a priest and St. Benedict's Convent to provide teachers for White Earth. Fathers Aloysius Hermanutz and Joseph Buh from St. John's and Sisters Philomena Ketten and Lioba Brau from St. Benedict's were sent to meet the challenges of White Earth. Six days after they arrived, the sisters opened a day school for 15 pupils (12 girls and 3 boys), which increased to a total of 40 during the following week. (*The American Indian band in northern Minnesota prefer the name Anishinabe -- "Anishinaabeg" meaning "First People" -- while the French settlers called them Ojibwe, which is the more familiar name used in these records; and the government referred to them as Chippewa.) The sketch of the mission shown here is mounted on a card with the name, L. Bergman, Louisville, Kentucky, stamped on the back (SBMA, McDonald, pages 227-232), Pamphlet: "St. Benedict's Mission History, White Earth, MN, 1878-1978, as told by Benno Watrin, OSB (Printed by St. John' Abbey), 1978]
This drawing was done in the aftermath of October 5, 1869, Eastman Tunnel collapse. A tunnel connecting Nicollet and Hennepin islands collapsed on that day causing the need for considerable repair to be done to Hennepin Island and St. Anthony Falls. The repair work was finished in 1884, creating a protective apron over the falls.
Contributing Institution:
Hennepin County Library, James K. Hosmer Special Collections Library
This drawing shows the a cross section of a canal used to feed water through turbines to generate power. The tunnel was embedded in the limestone near St. Anthony Falls with a base of concrete and shell of masonry. See also umn191811.
Contributing Institution:
Hennepin County Library, James K. Hosmer Special Collections Library
This drawing shows the condition of Minneapolis Mill Company's dam and mill pond in regards to the build-up of silt and debris from the previous winter near St. Anthony Falls.
Contributing Institution:
Hennepin County Library, James K. Hosmer Special Collections Library
This drawing was done by the deaf architect Olof Hanson, who was a teacher at the Minnesota Institute for Defectives (Deaf, Blind and Feeble-Minded) during 1891-1893. From left to right, the South and North Wings of Mott Hall are depicted. The central tower is not shown as it did not exist during the time period depicted. At the bottom of the drawing is the signature "O.H. del." Block letters at the bottom read: "Minnesota School For The Deaf And The Blind From 1873 to 1879." Cursive writing at the bottom reads: "Make the cut about 6-3/4" from x to x and leave off the ends," in reference to two "x" marks made on the left and right ends of the drawing.
Contributing Institution:
Minnesota State Academy for the Deaf Alumni Association Museum
This drawing was done by the deaf architect Olof Hanson, who was a teacher at the Minnesota Institute for Defectives (Deaf, Blind and Feeble-Minded) during 1891-1893. From left to right, Mott Hall, the Power Plant Building, and Barron Hall are depicted. At the bottom of the drawing is the signature "O.H. del."
Contributing Institution:
Minnesota State Academy for the Deaf Alumni Association Museum
A child representing the Board of Tax Levy places an apple labeled "$73,000 raise in salary" on his teacher's desk, and the teacher smiles at him. The Minnesota Gopher stands in the classroom door, tipping his hat.
Football players are rolled into a huge snowball by members of the opposite team pushing toward the goalpost. A "sectional view," or cross-cut, of the snowball appears in the upper left-hand corner.
This cartoon shows Uncle Sam, the G.O.P. elephant and the Tariff catching Cold Storage in the act of raiding a pantry containing eggs, butter, and other foods.
Depositors are walking into the U. S. Postal Savings Bank, which is shown as occupying a giant Uncle Sam's hat. In the background are homes and factories.
A well-dressed, paunchy vote buyer stands in front of the Capitol Building, while the scrawny vote seller is chased away by a policeman armed with a billy-club. At the buyer's feet lies a scroll that states, "Public office is a private trust. When you start for it, land it or bust. Motto of Corrupt Official."
Man, outfitted in winter clothing and pulling a sled loaded with a month's provisions, looks at a map showing the location of the new Minneapolis post office.
St. Paul, Chicago, and New York City are shown standing in front of Uncle Sam, holding U. S. Postal Savings account books. Nearby, the Minnesota Gopher holds a sign that reads, "See our Paul gopher the savings."
This cartoon pokes fun at the driving habits of the citizens of Minneapolis. A Minneapolis family is out for a spin; a farmer hauling a load of hay on his tractor honks at a man in a horse-driven wagon; a stylishly-dressed woman addresses her chauffeur; and a Minneapolis Messenger Service driver reads at the wheel.
Political candidate William Jennings Bryan stands before a dresser mirror, writing a note to himself, "Will you run again, Mr. Bryan? You guessed it that time, my boy." A figure, likely Bart himself, sketchbook in hand, watches through the window.
A pen and ink drawing of St. Joseph's Academy at its new location on Marshall and Western. This school, with later building additions, was the successor to the log cabin Bench Street school. The Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet owned and operated the school until 1971.
This cartoon, published on April 11, 1903, in the Minneapolis Journal, portrays Tom L. Johnson, Cleveland mayor and Democratic contender for his party's nomination for both the Ohio governor's race and the presidential election. Johnson is shown driving an automobile labeled "Auto-Reform" past "Aunty Democracy." Johnson's car is kicking up clouds of dust representing his radical ideas and Socialism. Behind, the Democratic donkey plods along, his ears marked "Old Ideas Dem." The published cartoon's caption read, "A little too fast for Aunty," with the sub-caption, "Aunty Democracy--The odor's pretty bad, Tom--Your new-fangled rig may be all right, but I guess I'll stick to the old donkey yet awhile."
In the interest of national security, the Democratic Party was largely in favor of the construction of the Panama Canal, but Senator Arthur Gorman from Maryland strongly opposed United States imperialism and, therefore, the canal project in Panama. In this cartoon, published in the Monday, December 21, 1903, edition of the Minneapolis Journal, Gorman is shown dressed as a king, brandishing a sword, and trying to pull a resistant Democratic Party donkey into the "Anti-Canal Fight."
Published on Thursday, March 24, 1904, this cartoon pokes fun at agriculture education. The published version's sub-caption reads, "Phineas (the Farm School Graduate)--'Isn't it strange that with all the wonderful development of the science of agriculture a man with a degree still has to milk a cow?'" A farmer sits on a stool in his barn, milking a cow. Hanging on the wall behind the cow is a diploma from the College of Agriculture bearing the name Phineas Stumpuller. Nearby are barnyard animals: a chicken, a duck, and a calf, who is nibbling contentedly on a page from Phineas's Thesis on Food Values of Milk Powder. The milk cow looks at the reader and says, ""That child just devours that scientific literature.""
Minnesota Governor John Lind and Minnesota State Democratic Central Committee Chairman L. A. Rosing are shown standing outside the Parker Stables, hanging onto a rope attached to the Minnesota Democratic donkey, who is being tempted by William Randolph Hearst with a pail marked by a dollar sign and containing ears of corn. This cartoon appeared in the Friday, April 1, 1904, edition of the Minneapolis Journal and refers to Minnesota political attitudes toward two of the contenders for nomination to run for president on the Democratic ticket, Hearst and Judge Parker.
Published on the front page of the March 2, 1904, edition of the Minneapolis Journal, this cartoon depicts a husband and wife having coffee at their dining room table. The husband is shaking salt onto the front page of the "Daily Newspaper," whose headlines include "Gigantic Victory for Russian Arms." In the published version, which includes caption and dialog, the wife asks, "Why, John, what in the world is the matter?" He replies, "I'm just taking this St. Petersburg story with a little salt." This is a reference to public response to unconfirmed reports coming from St. Petersburg, Russia, that Russian army forces had overwhelmingly defeated Japanese forces in a land battle in northern Korea, and that a sea battle near Port Arthur had resulted in the sinking of Japanese boats.
Published in the Thursday, May 12, 1904, edition of the Minneapolis Journal with the caption "The Hoosier School Boy," this cartoon refers to the Indiana Democratic state convention, where Hearst followers challenged the convention majority, which had supported Judge Parker, by claiming unfair treatment. The claims were defeated, and the convention "instructed for" Parker. National Committeeman Thomas Taggert is portrayed as the teacher, while Hearst and the Indiana Democratic Convention are portrayed as school boys, one a privileged prankster, the other a poor pupil who reads aloud the instructions for Parker and Taggert.
Published in the Tuesday, March 29, 1904, edition of the Minneapolis Journal, this cartoon is a reference to the efforts of several powerful American trusts to be allowed to move their legal headquarters to Havana in order to evade U. S. tax laws. A figure with octopus-like tentacles and representing New Jersey-based trusts is shown carrying baggage and other gear past a mosquito, who is sharpening his "stinger." A sign at the traveler's feet points to Cuba.
nautical; soundings; St. Louis river; Lake Superior; Minnesota Point; Oneota; shoreline; This map forms an inset to the larger map entitled, Survey of Lake Superior by Lieut. Henry W. Bayfield R. N. assisted by Mr. Philip Ed. Collins, Mid., between the years 1823 and 1825 Sheet 1. Scale of original inset is 1:49,300, or 4,108 ft. to 1 in. Scale of this photograph is 4,800 to 1 inch. J. H. Darling, April 22, 1904
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Published in the Journal Junior, a Saturday supplement for children, on September 9, 1905, this cartoon shows a boy hoeing a row of schoolbooks. At the end of the row is a sign that says, "Nine months row," a reference to the beginning of the school year. In the published version, the caption reads, "A Long Ro Wto [sic.]: Never mind; it won't seem so long from the other end."
Published on Tuesday, January 17, 1905, this cartoon shows a seated Senator Moses E. Clapp being applauded by members of the Minnesota State Senate and House. A child, representing Minnesota, pats his face. Above them hangs a sign reading "Clapp out and Clapp in. Minnesota Legislature." Clapp was chosen by a majority of the state legislators to succeed himself in the United States Senate.
Published on Thursday, February 23, 1905, this cartoon shows Russian Grand Duke Sergius and Death. The published version is captioned "Let the War Go On: 'Your place, s-i-r-r, is at the front,'" in reference to Sergius's assassination on February 17, 1905, during the Russo-Japanese War.
Published on February 1, 1907, this cartoon portrays a Japanese-American child, labeled "Little Jap in San Francisco" and carrying on his back a large bundle with the words "Cause of war with the United States" on it. Within the bundle is a rolled-up treaty. The boy tips his cap to a Japanese military officer. The published cartoon is captioned "Another Case of Child Labor: Isn't Japan overworking the Japanese schoolboy of San Francisco a little?" Japan had registered dissatisfaction with the California government's support of the San Francisco Board of Education in its ruling that Japanese children should not be admitted to public schools but, rather, sent to Oriental School. The United States enforced the provisions of its treaty with Japan giving to Japanese immigrants equal access to public education.
This cartoon, published on Tuesday, February 18, 1908, in the Minneapolis Journal, refers to the front page story about a meeting of the Publicity Club--comprised largely of businessmen--to discuss the introduction of improved street lighting to the Minneapolis downtown business district. A stylish young woman representing Minneapolis stands to the left with her hand on the knob of a lamp bearing the inscription, "Illumination of Business District." A business man dressed in a plaid suit approaches from the right, saying, "Madame allow me!" The Minneapolis downtown skyline appears in the background.
Published on December 10, 1908, this cartoon shows the Egg and the Potato addressing each other, "The Egg--'Hello, Small Potatoes and Few in a Hill, you needn't be so fresh. I knew your folks when you weren't worth 30 cents a bushel.' The Potato--'No one would accuse you of being fresh, and that's no joke. No doubt you can remember a good way back, all right, all right!'" The Egg's waistcoat is marked "Eggs 50 cents Doz." and the Potato's is marked "Potatoes 85 cents Bu." This dialog might be related to an article, published in the same edition of the newspaper, telling about the Minnesota Potato Growers and Shippers Association winning the support of the Interstate Commerce Commission for their demand that railroads provide heated cars for shipping perishable freight in freezing weather.
A mob holds up a pumpkin head labeled "Anti-Cannon sentiment," startling Uncle Sam. This is likely a reference to opposition to Republican Joseph G. Cannon's being re-elected Speaker of the House in 1908.
William Jennings Bryan and the Democratic Party donkey are shown standing in front of the White House. Next to Bryan is a suitcase labeled "Democratic Nomination."
William Jennings Bryan holds up an image of Kaiser Wilhelm in an effort to draw attention to "The European War Bogie" as the major national issue to be included in the Minnesota Democratic Party platform, while "Brewery Control" takes a back seat.
A man wades through Lake Excelsior in the pouring rain as various animals comment on his plight. This cartoon appeared in the Minneapolis Journal on May 24, 1909.
Published on Thursday, May 6, 1909, this cartoon is divided into two frames. The upper frame shows wheat from Canada being led to flour mills in the United States by the "Tariff Provision by which Canadian wheat may be milled in the United States and have drawback of duty when exported as flour." Its caption reads, "The wheat must go to the mills." The lower frame shows United States flour mills running toward the Canadian border, where a smiling wheat figure beckons to them. Here, Uncle Sam, holding a shepherd's crook tagged "Any kind of a drawback," pursues the mills, hoping to hold them back. This frame's caption reads, "Or the mills will go to the wheat."
In this cartoon's upper frame, the forecast for Sunday is fair weather, so a father, mother, and two children plan an outing in the park to feed the ducks. In the lower frame, it is pouring rain, much to the ducks' delight, and the family is getting soaked to the skin. This cartoon was published on Monday, July 12, 1909, which, according to the "Spring calendar" shown in the cartoon, followed one of many bad weather Sundays in the spring and summer of that year.
Permanent Tariff Commission, appointed by President Taft, sits waiting, while Uncle Sam advises the Congress to turn over tariff work to the Commission. The Commission is portrayed as a young woman with a valise labeled "Recommended by Pres. Taft, White House," while Congress is portrayed as an older matron.
Published on June 2, 1910, this cartoon shows streetcars as "Official photograph taken at eleven a.m. by street railway co. for council committee" and "Snapshot, by most any of us, at time we have to use the street cars."
Sketches of early midwest horticulturists, Geo J. Kellogg of Lake Mills, WI. (He spoke on the evolution of the everbearing strawberry); A. W. Latham,Secretary; Mr Gardne rof Osage, Iowa , strawberry authority; The eminent Professor Hansen of Brookings, SD; , Dr. H.H. Speechly of Manitoba; , Senator Thos E Cashman of Owatonna, President.
The G.O.P. elephant has a bucket, labeled "National Progressive Republican League," tied to its tail and is running across the Capitol Mall, cheered on by Senator Bourne of Oregon, President of the National Progressive Republican League, which was formed in 1911.
This cartoon, published on July 16, 1912, shows a man standing outside a grocery store, looking at displays of rain gear. The store's proprietor stands in the doorway.
Published on May 22, 1912, this cartoon shows "Champ" Clark, standing by a fence labeled "Minnesota Presidential Field"and pointing to a dog with a human face. Clark tells a boy, "Minnesota Politics," who has tied a bucket to Clark's dog's tail, that Republican Congressman Charlie Towne shouldn't be kicked around.
Mr. Common Man stands outside the tent where the Republican National Convention is taking place on June 18, 1912. He is saying to himself, "If I could only carry water for the elephant as I use to!" This cartoon was published June 7, 1912.
Published on July 12, 1912, this cartoon shows Uncle Sam asking the Senate and the House, "Meeting again or yet?" The Senate figure holds a document titled "Lorimer case," a reference to an election bribery case.
Uncle Sam holds the Hay Pauncefot Treaty regarding Panama Canal tolls while John Bull (England) presents him with a Protest as Arbitration looks on. Uncle Sam says to John Bull, "Sit down, John. Let's look it over. We don't need any interpreter to read English."
This cartoon, published on February 24, 1913, in the Minneapolis Journal, refers to the front page story covering the assassination of the former president of Mexico, Francisco Madero, and his vice president, Jose Pino Suarez. General Huerta was at the time Provisional President. The cartoon shows a map of Mexico. Standing by a pool of blood with the word "Assassination" across it is a man dressed in military uniform and wearing a hat with the word "Huerta" on its hatband. On the northern border of Mexico is a wooden fence. Uncle Sam is leaning over the fence, looking at the man standing next to the blood. The caption underneath reads, “Another Blot." (Note: The Huerta figure standing next to the pool of blood was eliminated from the cartoon in the published version, possibly the result of correction or censorship, since the published version shows clear evidence of the drawing's having been retouched.)
The football season arrives on the World Stage to take over the "Series of World War Melodramas" from the Balkan War, the Chinese Revolution, and the Mexican Rebellion. This cartoon was published August 11, 1913.
In this cartoon from May 5, 1913, the Great Powers (Italy, Austria, France, Germany, England, and Russia) are reaching for a pie (Albania), while Montenegro, with fork and knife, leaps from his chair at the table. In 1913, the Powers demanded that Montenegro abandon Scutari, a former Turkish fortress in Albania.
Published on November 10, 1913, this cartoon portrays General Huerta, President of Mexico, crouching under a gun, labeled "Arms for the Constitutionalists," suspended from above by the words "US embargo on arms."
Published on July 14, 1913, this cartoon shows the Underwood Simmons Tariff Bill being pushed onto the U. S. Senate stage by Senator Simmons, while the audience pellets the bill with eggs and vegetables labeled "Antagonist," "Criticism," and so on. Sen. Simmons, Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, had arranged for the controversial bill to be introduced to the Senate for debate on July 14.
Rivals in the effort to overthrow the Mexican government under Huerta, Venustiano Carranza (Garza), leader of the Constitutionalist forces and Francisco Villa, leader of the Federalists, push "the Mexican Revolving Door," from which Carranza emerges first. Carranza served as president of Mexico 1917-1920.
1914 American highest production farm crops--apples, rye, barley, oats, wheat, potatoes, and corn--are caricatured as royalty, with King Corn in the lead. In the lower right corner, a sign states, "1914 farm crop values $5,066,742,000 which is $104,000,000 more than 1913."
The March Lion, having just eaten the Spring Lamb, licks his chops. The cartoon reads, "Maltese cross indicates location of the lamb." Published March 6, 1915, this cartoon pokes fun at the harsh weather that often characterizes Minnesota's late winter.
The landmark tower and central entrance of Tate Hall are depicted. The frame of the drawing has a ribbon attached (not pictured) that represents a First Award from the St. Louis County Rural School Fair.
Contributing Institution:
Minnesota State Academy for the Deaf Alumni Association Museum
A drawing of the Franklin Branch of the Minneapolis Public Library. Opened in August 1914 at 1314 East Franklin Avenue, and designed by architect Edward L. Tilton, this was the first library building in Minneapolis to be built with funds from Andrew Carnegie. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
Contributing Institution:
Hennepin County Library, James K. Hosmer Special Collections Library
Dressed as farmers, Wisconsin Senator Robert La Follette and Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes, both Republicans, are shown working the State of Minnesota soil. La Follette runs behind a horse labeled "Radicals" and pulling a tine harrow across northern Minnesota, while Hughes walks behind a heavier horse labeled "Conservative element" and pulling a plow across the southern part of the state.
Harold H. Crawford's architectural rendering is a presentation drawing of Olney Church in England. This student work was completed while Crawford was at the Harvard.
Sketch of Chapel of the Immaculate Conception. Pillars, decorations, and Mary emerging from a cave, with another woman kneeling below. Chapel bears inscription,""Je suis l'immaculee conception,", and is marked ""traced"" by FAA (architect Frank A. Abrahamson) and dated.
Untitled sketch. Includes canopy, throne, stools and a walnut platform. Canopy details include the Archdiocesan coat-of-arms, painted in color, gold leaf and velour drapery. Throne detail shows carvings on seat back and posts, and note a spring cushion of ""best quality leather""
This drawing by Harold H. Crawford shows the layout for the foundry casting of a bronze tablet, presented to the Mayo brothers by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
The layout of pre-flight operations includes the field plan with field house, fence and track shown. Details include load ring, position of men, hydrogen cylinders, TNT caps, poles, balloons and gondola. The plan was drawn by Paul Campbell.
A pen and ink drawing of the new four-story St. Joseph's Hospital on Exchange Street. This hospital replaced the log cabin hospital on Bench Street (now Kellogg Boulevard).