Includes descriptions of Washburn Park's improvements, Minnehaha Creek, transportation, prices and terms for lots, and homeowners listed; with photo of """"Washburn Memorial Home""""
Contributing Institution:
Hennepin County Library, James K. Hosmer Special Collections Library
These sketches supplement the International Boundary Commission's report to survey and delineate the border between the United States and Canada. The Commission's efforts were concentrated on the traditional voyageurs highway, which now divides the Boundary Waters Canoe Wilderness Area and Quetico Provincial Park.
This is an original plat of Olmsted County with many handwritten notes and drawings showing early Minnesota settlers, farmers and other town landscape features. This map is the earliest documentation we have found in our collection of the farms, towns, and topography of Olmsted County, Minnesota.
1938 reprint of the 1901 edition; topographic map; verso: "The Topographic Maps of the United States" and index to standard symbols; Jno. H. Renshawe, Topographer in Charge; Triangulation by U.S. Coast & Geodetic Survey; Topography by H.L. Baldwin Jr.
Contributing Institution:
Hennepin County Library, James K. Hosmer Special Collections Library
A plan showing the north end of Victory Memorial Drive in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The plan is found in the Thirty-seventh Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners of the City of Minneapolis, after page 28.
Interpretations of bedrock geology (distribution of rock at the land surface and beneath surface sediments) of proposed Voyageurs National Park, Northern Minnesota, scale 1 inch = about 1 1/4 miles. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23409.pdf
Map shows names of property owners surrounding Lake Minnetonka, naming Lake Minnetonka bays, communities and neighboring lakes. Color was added to designate townships. Sections are numbered. Map is bordered by advertising from local businesses. This map, matted and framed under ultraviolet-protecting glass, is dated 1879.
A plan showing proposed ornamentation of the Gateway Park grounds, Minneapolis, Minnesota. The plan is found in the Thirty-first Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners of the City of Minneapolis, after page 96.
Hand-drawn land surveys made from 1869-1941 to determine and identify land ownership and/or section boundaries in various parts of Washington County. The volume includes an index on pages 638-641 that lists each township and section and the pages in the volume on which information is provided. A transcript of that list accompanies this document and can be found at the beginning of this document.
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface),, scale 1:62,5000, Virginia Horn, St. Louis County. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22481.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Two Harbors quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22552.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the St. Paul quadrangle, scale 1:100,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22509.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Stillwater quadrangle, scale 1:100,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22492.pdf
Meyer, Gary N.; Knaeble, Aalan R.; Ellingson, John B.
Date Created:
2001
Description:
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the St. Cloud quadrangle, scale 1:100,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22519.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Silver Creek quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22556.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Rochester quadrangle, scale 1:100,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22510.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the New Brighton Quadrangle, Minnesota, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23363.pdf
Interpretations of bedrock geology (distribution of rock at the land surface and beneath surface sediments) and topography (elevation of the bedrock surface) of the New Brighton Quadrangle, Minnesota, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23364.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Monticello quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22557.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Mesabi Iron Range, scale 1:100,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22582.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Lake Fremont quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22548.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Knife River quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22551.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Hastings quadrangle, scale 1:100,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22493.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Gull Lake quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22517.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the French River and Lakewood quadrangles, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22536.pdf
Lusardi, Barbara A.; Hobbs, Howard C.; Patterson, Carrie J.
Date Created:
2002
Description:
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Faribault quadrangle, scale 1:100,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22539.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Elk River quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22533.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Crown quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22547.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Castle Danger quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22558.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Buffalo West quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22566.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Brainerd quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22516.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Big Lake quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22532.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Baxter quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22515.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Austin quadrangle, scale 1:100,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22570.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Anoka quadrangle, scale 1:100,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22494.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Annadale quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22565.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Watertown quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22511.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Victoria quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22485.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Shakopee quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22484.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Mound quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22491.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Jordan West quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22490.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Belle Plaine North quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22512.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), scale 1:250,000, Itasca and Beltrami Counties. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22473.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Jordan East quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22486.pdf
Quaternary geology map showing interpretations of Quaternary (Pleistocene [glacial] and Holocene [post-glacial]) surficial geology (distribution and type of materials at the land surface), of the Waconia quadrangle, scale 1:24,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22505.pdf
Sheet 3, Map of the Surface (glacial landforms) Formations and agricultural conditions of the southern half of Minnesota, scale 1:500,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23268.pdf
Map showing the Pioneer iron mine, surveyed July 13, 1889, scale 1 inch = about 6.25 feet. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23265.pdf
Sheet 2, Map of the Surface (glacial landforms) Formations and agricultural conditions of northeastern Minnesota, scale 1:500,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23267.pdf
Gravity (interpretation of gravity data collected with ground based meters indicating differences in rock density of rocks in the upper crust) and magnetic anomaly (interpretation of magnetic data collected from airborne surveys, the map contours (lines of equal magnetic intensity) indicate the distribution and concentration of magnetic minerals (primarily iron-bearing) within the upper crust of the earth) map of the Duluth complex and related rocks, scale 1:200,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22529.pdf
Gravity (interpretation of gravity data collected with ground based meters indicating differences in rock density of rocks in the upper crust) and magnetic anomaly (interpretation of magnetic data collected from airborne surveys, the map contours (lines of equal magnetic intensity) indicate the distribution and concentration of magnetic minerals (primarily iron-bearing) within the upper crust of the earth) map of the central Duluth complex, scale 1:100,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22522.pdf
Gravity (interpretation of gravity data collected with ground based meters indicating differences in rock density of rocks in the upper crust) and magnetic anomaly (interpretation of magnetic data collected from airborne surveys, the map contours (lines of equal magnetic intensity) indicate the distribution and concentration of magnetic minerals (primarily iron-bearing) within the upper crust of the earth) map of southwestern Minnesota, scale 1:250,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn22531.pdf
Wirth, Theodore, 1863-1949; Godward, Alfred C., 1886-1913
Date Created:
1913-01
Description:
Lantern slide image of a map of Sumner Field. Colorized plan showing the proposed arrangement and equipment of Sumner Field created in January of 1913.
A suggested plan for a parkway between Bde Maka Ska Lagoon and Hennepin Avenue in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The plan is found in the Thirtieth Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners of the City of Minneapolis, after page 66. This plan references "Lake Calhoun," a Minneapolis lake now known as Bde Maka Ska, the Dakota language for "White Earth Lake."
A plan showing suggestions for the transformation of Logan Park, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, into a general recreation ground. The plan is found in the Twenty-sixth Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners of the City of Minneapolis.
The plan suggests improvements to the North Commons in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The plan is found in the Twenty-fifth Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners of the City of Minneapolis.
A plan showing suggestions for the improvement of Lake Nokomis to improve its role as a resevoir for Minnehaha Falls, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The plan is found in the Twenty-eighth Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners of the City of Minneapolis, after page 116.
Wirth, Theodore, 1863-1949; Godward, Alfred C., 1886-1913
Date Created:
1915-01
Description:
A plan showing suggestions for the acquisition and improvement of Rice Lake and Minnehaha Creek in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The plan is found in the Thirty-second Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners of the City of Minneapolis, after page 24.
The plan shows a proposed waterway to link Lake of the Isles and Bde Maka Ska. This plan is found in the Twenty-fifth Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners of the City of Minneapolis. This plan references "Lake Calhoun," a Minneapolis lake now known as Bde Maka Ska, the Dakota language for "White Earth Lake."
A parking plan for Twenty-Sixth Avenue North for an approach to Sunset Hill in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The plan is found in the Thirty-fourth Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners of the City of Minneapolis, after page 45.
A plan depicting suggested changes to Sixth and Eighth Avenues North in relation to Glenwood Park, Minneapolis, Minnesota. The plan is found in the Twenty-ninth Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners of the City of Minneapolis, after page [109].
A plan for a suggested concourse at Lake Harriett Boulevard in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The plan is found in the Thirty-third Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners of the City of Minneapolis, after page 56.
A suggested arrangement of Nicollet Field in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The plan is found in the Thirty-fourth Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners of the City of Minneapolis, after page 61.
A proposal for the enlargement of Camden Park and the improvement of the east section. The plan is found in the Thirty-fifth Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners of the City of Minneapolis, after page 24.
Bedrock topography (elevation of the bedrock surface) and cross sections, Todd County, Minnesota, scale 1 inch = about 5 miles. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23386.pdf
Sheet 1 of 4 sheets, Stratigraphy (vertical and time sequence of geologic units) of Biwabik Formation, Mesabi Range, Minnesota, scale 1 inch = 11.2 miles. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23319.pdf
Sheet 4 of 4 sheets, Stratigraphy (vertical and time sequence of geologic units) of Biwabik Formation, Mesabi Range, Minnesota, scale 1 inch = 11.2 miles. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23322.pdf
Interpretations of bedrock geology (distribution of rock at the land surface and beneath surface sediments) of the Precambrian of the Westernmost Mesabi District, Minnesota, scale 1:62,500. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23323.pdf
Sheet 1 of 11 sheets, Structure contour (contour lines of equal elevation that map features in the subsurface produced by rock deformation or erosion), map of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota, scale 1:31,250. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23324.pdf
Sheet 2 of 11 sheets, Structure contour (contour lines of equal elevation that map features in the subsurface produced by rock deformation or erosion), map of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota, scale 1:31,250. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23325.pdf
Sheet 3 of 11 sheets, Structure contour (contour lines of equal elevation that map features in the subsurface produced by rock deformation or erosion), map of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota, scale 1:31,250. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23326.pdf
Sheet 4 of 11 sheets, Structure contour (contour lines of equal elevation that map features in the subsurface produced by rock deformation or erosion), map of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota, scale 1:31,250. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23327.pdf
Sheet 5 of 11 sheets, Structure contour (contour lines of equal elevation that map features in the subsurface produced by rock deformation or erosion), map of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota, scale 1:31,250. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23328.pdf
Sheet 6 of 11 sheets, Structure contour (contour lines of equal elevation that map features in the subsurface produced by rock deformation or erosion), map of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota, scale 1:31,250. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23329.pdf
Sheet 7 of 11 sheets, Structure contour (contour lines of equal elevation that map features in the subsurface produced by rock deformation or erosion), map of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota, scale 1:31,250. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23330.pdf
Sheet 8 of 11 sheets, Structure contour (contour lines of equal elevation that map features in the subsurface produced by rock deformation or erosion), map of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota, scale 1:31,250. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23331.pdf
Sheet 9 of 11 sheets, Structure contour (contour lines of equal elevation that map features in the subsurface produced by rock deformation or erosion), map of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota, scale 1:31,250. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23332.pdf
Sheet 10 of 11 sheets, Structure contour (contour lines of equal elevation that map features in the subsurface produced by rock deformation or erosion), map of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota, scale 1:31,250. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23333.pdf
Sheet 11 of 11 sheets, Structure contour (contour lines of equal elevation that map features in the subsurface produced by rock deformation or erosion), map of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota, scale 1:31,250. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23334.pdf
Map of the thickness of drift (thickness of unconsolidated sediments overlying the bedrock surface, Mesabi Range, Minnesota, scale 1:125,000. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23335.pdf
Sheet 2 of 4 sheets, Stratigraphy (vertical and time sequence of geologic units) of Biwabik Formation, Mesabi Range, Minnesota, scale 1 inch = 11.2 miles. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23320.pdf
Sheet 3 of 4 sheets, Stratigraphy (vertical and time sequence of geologic units) of Biwabik Formation, Mesabi Range, Minnesota, scale 1 inch = 11.2 miles. Electronic file available at: ftp://mgsftp2.mngs.umn.edu/map_catalog/pdf/umn23321.pdf