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1. Yewicasipi taanpetupi en: Wotanin Wa?te ayapi (Outline of the Life of Paul)

Creator:
Hurlbut, Jesse Lyman, 1843-1930
Date Created:
1925
Description:
Outline of the life of Saint Paul the Apostle in the Dakota language excerpted and translated from Hurlbut and Vincent's Biblical Atlas. Includes maps of Paul's travels. 62 pages. University of St. Thomas, Archibishop Ireland Memorial Library call number: BS2505.A3 H8
Contributing Institution:
University of St. Thomas - Archbishop Ireland Memorial Library
Type:
Text
Format:
Books

2. Woyazanska - Tuberculosis

Creator:
Riggs, Theodore F. (1874-1962)
Date Created:
1908
Description:
This pamphlet was used to educate Dakota people about Tuberculosis. The Santee Normal Training School instructed Dakota children in the Dakota language. These children came from families who were removed from Minnesota to Nebraska after the U.S.-Dakota War in 1863. Reverend A.L. Riggs founded the school in 1870 as an academy to train Native teachers. The school developed a printing press in 1871 and produced many materials in the Dakota language.
Contributing Institution:
Synod of Lakes and Prairies, Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)
Type:
Text
Format:
Instructional materials

3. Wowapi wakan ptecedan oyakapi kin (Bible history in the Sioux Indian language)

Creator:
Hunt, Jerome, 1848-1923
Date Created:
1897
Description:
Bible history, criticism, interpretation, and stories in the Dakota Indian language, illustrated with engravings. University of St. Thomas, Archibishop Ireland Memorial Library call number: PM1024 .H8
Contributing Institution:
University of St. Thomas - Archbishop Ireland Memorial Library
Type:
Text
Format:
Books

4. Worship of the Sun

Creator:
Eastman, Seth, 1808-1875
Date Created:
1852
Description:
This is a print by the artist and military officer Seth Eastman, who was stationed in Minnesota before statehood. It shows a Native American ceremony.
Contributing Institution:
Nicollet County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Prints (visual works)

5. Woope Itakihna (The Book of Deuteronomy in the Dakota Language, translated from the Hebrew)

Creator:
Williamson, Thomas S.
Date Created:
1872
Description:
This pamphlet is a translation of the Book of Deuteronomy into Dakota.
Contributing Institution:
Synod of Lakes and Prairies, Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)
Type:
Text
Format:
Pamphlets

6. Women homesteaders with Native American man and child, Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota

Creator:
Gjelhaug, J. A.
Date Created:
1900 - 1915
Description:
Winter scene of three homestead women and a Native American holding a small child in the woods. A horse and cart, teepee, frozen slaughter pig and other bundles are visible in the surroundings.
Contributing Institution:
Lake of the Woods County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Negatives (photographic)

7. Women facing the dance circle at the Annual White Earth Celebration and Pow Wow, White Earth, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916-06-14
Description:
A small group of women are facing the drum and drummers at the Annual White Earth Celebration and Pow Wow. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

8. Women at their tent, Annual White Earth Celebration and Pow Wow, White Earth, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916-06-14
Description:
Two unidentified Ojibwe women are seated in the grass at the door of a tent while one woman leans against a tree. A dog is sitting with them. On the left is a canvas covered tipi. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

9. Woman at a campsite at the Annual White Earth Celebration and Pow Wow, White Earth, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916-06-14
Description:
An unidentified Ojibwe woman is standing outside a tent. Household items including blankets, wash pan, buckets, and cooking utensils are on tables and the ground at the campsite. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

10. Winnebago Agency House, Blue Earth County, Minnesota

Creator:
Upton, B. F.
Date Created:
1859-08
Description:
Exterior view of the Winnebago Agency House, with extensive notation on the back.
Contributing Institution:
Blue Earth County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

11. Winnebago Agency House, Blue Earth County, Minnesota

Date Created:
1910?
Description:
Exterior view of the Winnebago Agency House.
Contributing Institution:
Blue Earth County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

12. Wigwam with Ojibwe children, Onamia, Minnesota

Creator:
Adams, Arthur T., 1872-1955
Date Created:
1920 - 1929
Description:
An unidentified native family outside of a wigwam with a baby in a pappoose. Located near Onamia, Minnesota. This image is by Arthur Adams, Minneapolis high school teacher, local historian, and photographer. Adams traveled throughout Minnesota, taking photographs to augment his lectures. His studio was located at 3648 Lyndale Avenue South in Minneapolis.
Contributing Institution:
Hennepin History Museum
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Lantern slides

13. Wigwam with five Ojibwe children, Onamia, Minnesota

Creator:
Adams, Arthur T., 1872-1955
Date Created:
1920 - 1929
Description:
Three unidentified children standing in front of three wigwams. Located near Onamia, Minnesota. This image is by Arthur Adams, Minneapolis high school teacher, local historian, and photographer. Adams traveled throughout Minnesota, taking photographs to augment his lectures. His studio was located at 3648 Lyndale Avenue South in Minneapolis.
Contributing Institution:
Hennepin History Museum
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Lantern slides

14. Wigwam under construction, near Onamia, Minnesota

Creator:
Adams, Arthur T., 1872-1955
Date Created:
1920 - 1929
Description:
Two wigwams under construction near Onamia, Minnesota. This image is by Arthur Adams, Minneapolis high school teacher, local historian, and photographer. Adams traveled throughout Minnesota, taking photographs to augment his lectures. His studio was located at 3648 Lyndale Avenue South in Minneapolis.
Contributing Institution:
Hennepin History Museum
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Lantern slides

15. Wigwam under construction, near Onamia, Minnesota

Creator:
Adams, Arthur T., 1872-1955
Date Created:
1920 - 1929
Description:
An unidentified man stands inside the wooden frame of a wigwam near Onamia, Minnesota. This image is by Arthur Adams, Minneapolis high school teacher, local historian, and photographer. Adams traveled throughout Minnesota, taking photographs to augment his lectures. His studio was located at 3648 Lyndale Avenue South in Minneapolis.
Contributing Institution:
Hennepin History Museum
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Lantern slides

16. Wigwam under construction, near Onamia, Minnesota

Creator:
Adams, Arthur T., 1872-1955
Date Created:
1920 - 1929
Description:
Two wigwams near Onamia, Minnesota. This image is by Arthur Adams, Minneapolis high school teacher, local historian, and photographer. Adams traveled throughout Minnesota, taking photographs to augment his lectures. His studio was located at 3648 Lyndale Avenue South in Minneapolis.
Contributing Institution:
Hennepin History Museum
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Lantern slides

17. Wigwam under construction, near Onamia, Minnesota

Creator:
Adams, Arthur T., 1872-1955
Date Created:
1920 - 1929
Description:
Four unidentified men construct a wigwam near Onamia, Minnesota. This image is by Arthur Adams, Minneapolis high school teacher, local historian, and photographer. Adams traveled throughout Minnesota, taking photographs to augment his lectures. His studio was located at 3648 Lyndale Avenue South in Minneapolis.
Contributing Institution:
Hennepin History Museum
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Lantern slides

18. Wigwam under construction, near Onamia, Minnesota

Creator:
Adams, Arthur T., 1872-1955
Date Created:
1920 - 1929
Description:
Unidentified women place coverings on a wigwam frame as a group of people watch. Located near Onamia, Minnesota. This image is by Arthur Adams, Minneapolis high school teacher, local historian, and photographer. Adams traveled throughout Minnesota, taking photographs to augment his lectures. His studio was located at 3648 Lyndale Avenue South in Minneapolis.
Contributing Institution:
Hennepin History Museum
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Lantern slides

19. Wife of Chief Wakemup, Nett Lake, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916 - 1917
Description:
An Ojibwe woman is stirring a pot parching wild rice, a birch bark basket is visible in the foreground. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

20. Wiconi Tawaoonspe

Creator:
Riggs, Alfred L.
Date Created:
1911
Description:
This pamphlet includes Christian spiritual lessons and the Lord's Prayer in Dakota. The Santee Normal Training School instructed Dakota children in the Dakota language. These children came from families who were removed from Minnesota to Nebraska after the U.S.-Dakota War in 1863. Reverend A.L. Riggs founded the school in 1870 as an academy to train Native teachers. The school developed a printing press in 1871 and produced many materials in the Dakota language.
Contributing Institution:
Synod of Lakes and Prairies, Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)
Type:
Text
Format:
Pamphlets

21. Wicoie Wowapi, Wowapi Pehanpi Kin (The Word Book Wall Roll)

Creator:
Riggs, Alfred L.
Date Created:
1870 - 1933
Description:
A classroom instruction tool, this 24 page wall scroll uses images, alphabet letters, words and phrases in the Dakota language to teach math functions and reading. This item was designed to hang on the classroom wall.
Contributing Institution:
Synod of Lakes and Prairies, Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)
Type:
Text
Format:
Instructional materials

22. White Earth Ojibwe village, White Earth, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916-06-14
Description:
A view of an unidentified village on a lake, located on the White Earth Ojibwe reservation. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

23. White Earth Catholic School, White Earth, Minnesota

Creator:
Engel, Peter OSB
Date Created:
1891
Description:
Exterior view of the White Earth Catholic School on the White Earth Indian Reservation in White Earth, Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
Saint John's Abbey
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

24. White Earth Catholic School, White Earth, Minnesota

Creator:
Engel, Peter OSB
Date Created:
1891
Description:
Exterior view of the White Earth Catholic School on the White Earth Indian Reservation in White Earth, Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
Saint John's Abbey
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

25. Wakemup's camp, Nett Lake, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916 - 1917
Description:
A camp with a tent, another shelter, and a clothesline. John and Mabel (Soreyes) Wakemup lived at Nett Lake. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.�
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

26. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Wilf Cyr, Hinckley, Minnesota

Creator:
Cyr, Wilf; Cyr, Wilfred
Date Created:
1999-05-19
Description:
Wilf Cyr, Northwest Bay Canada Ojibwe elder is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

27. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Robert Strong, Nett Lake, Minnesota

Creator:
Strong, Robert, 1934-2012
Date Created:
1999-07-30
Description:
Magee-Macoons (Robert Strong), enrolled Bois Forte elder is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mr. Strong addresses the importance of the Ojibwe language and its survival for the younger generation. He tells a story in Ojibwe.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

28. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Raining Boyd, Mille Lacs, Minnesota

Creator:
Boyd, Raining, 1921-2009
Date Created:
1999-03-15
Description:
Gi Mi Wun (Raining Boyd), army veteran, truck driver retiring in 1978, singer and member of the drum society and Mille Lacs Ojibwe elder is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mr. Boyd states: As an Indian being helped from the spirits, there is an the understanding of what is being talked about by the Indian.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

29. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Ole Nickaboine, Onamia, Minnesota

Creator:
Benjamin, Oliver, 1928-2003
Date Created:
1999-02-19
Description:
Makoons (Ole Nickaboine) Educator of Ojibwe Language and Culture grades 4 through 12 at Nay Ah Shing School on the Mille Lacs reservation, Mille Lacs Ojibwe elders speaking Ojibwe,his first language, in interviews for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. He speaks about teaching children and teaching them the Ojibwe language.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

30. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Mildred and Oliver Benjamin, Onamia, Minnesota

Creator:
Benjamin, Mildred, 1945-2009; Benjamin, Oliver, 1928-2003
Date Created:
1999-02-19
Description:
Makoons (Oliver Benjamin) and Zhaawanigiizhigookwe (Millie Benjamin), educator of Ojibwe Language and Culture grades 4 through 12 at Nay Ah Shing School on the Mille Lacs reservation, are speaking Ojibwe, their first language, in interviews for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mrs. Benjamin tells a story in Ojibwe about Wenaboozhoo; Nanabozho and why it is important for children to speak the language and to continue it. Mr. Benjamin speaks about his background and teaching the children.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

31. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Marlene Stately, Hinckley, Minnesota

Creator:
Stately, Marlene Robinson, 1941-
Date Created:
1999-03-12
Description:
Enrolled Leech Lake elder Anangookwe (Marlene Stately) is speaking Ojibwe, her first language (transcribed by Nancy Jones), in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. She has worked at the Arrowhead Community College, teaching Ojibwe language and at Niigane Immersion Schoo, and Bug O Nay Ge Shing School. She states, "Our children come first, so that they can listen to the way we speak."
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

32. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Margaret Big George, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
Big George, Margaret, 1945-2013
Date Created:
1999-11
Description:
Margaret "Sweet Pea" Big George, storyteller, accomplished jingle dress dancer, Big Island First Nations, Ojibwe elder is speaking Ojibwe, her first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Ms. Big George states: When we were let to, we always spoke the language.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

33. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Larry Smallwood, Mille Lacs, Minnesota

Creator:
Smallwood, Larry
Date Created:
1999-02-04
Description:
Amik O'Gaabaw (Larry Smallwood), director of language and culture for the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe and enrolled Mille Lacs elder is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview (transcribed by Daniel Jones) for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mr. Smallwood is often asked to tell stories in Ojibwe. He begins with, ""We have teachings that tell us about the different seasons.""
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

34. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Keller Papp, Red Cliff, Wisconsin

Creator:
Papp, Keller
Date Created:
1999-04-28
Description:
Keller Papp, Red Cliff Ojibwe is speaking Ojibwe in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Keller Paap studies linguistics. He states: First of all, I make a tobacco offering to the spirits every day. It has only been five years since I started learning to speak Anishinaabemowin.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

35. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Julie Shingobe, Mille Lacs, Minnesota

Creator:
Shingobe, Julie, 1929-2004
Date Created:
1999-05-12
Description:
Amikogaabowiikwe (Julie Shingobe), college graduate, chemical dependency counselor, member of the Grand Medicine Society/Midewiwin, and enrolled Mille Lacs elder is speaking Ojibwe, her first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Ms. Shingobe speaks of her birth and what she was taught. She remembered: "We were terrified of the nuns, we did not want to be there."
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

36. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Jim Clark, Hinckley, Minnesota

Creator:
Clark, Jim, 1918-2008
Date Created:
1999-03
Description:
Mille Lacs Ojibwe elder Naawigiizis (Jim Clark) is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. He worked for Fairview Hospital in Minneapolis from 1953, in purchasing and into a warehouse firm distributing to hospitals. Mr. Clark states about the Spirit: I wonder if he will listen to us when we are speaking a different language, when we use the white man's language.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

37. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Jim Bedeau, Leech Lake, Minnesota

Creator:
Bedeau, Jim; Bedeau, James
Date Created:
1999-05-12
Description:
Jim Bedeau, Leech Lake Ojibwe elder who lives in Onigum, is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. He tells a story in Ojibwe about vision and how to live a life from a baby forward. He speaks about teaching the children.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

38. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with George Dick, Cloquet, Minnesota

Creator:
Dick, George, 1943-2013
Date Created:
1999-03
Description:
George Dick, Red Lake Ojibwe elder is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mr. Dick states: Don't ever make fun of anybody - don't - and don't ever forget anybody.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

39. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Eddie Benton-Benai (part 2 of 2), Hayward, Wisconsin

Creator:
Benton-Benai, Eddie
Date Created:
1999-03-05
Description:
Bawdwaywidun (Eddie Benton-Benai) was active in the American Indian Movement (AIM), is a member of the Midewiwin Lodge, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe elder, speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

40. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Eddie Benton-Benai (part 1 of 2), Hayward, Wisconsin

Creator:
Benton-Benai, Eddie
Date Created:
1999-03-05
Description:
Bawdwaywidun (Eddie Benton-Benai) was active in the American Indian Movement (AIM), is a member of the Midewiwin Lodge, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe elder, speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

41. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Eddie Benton-Benai, Hayward, Wisconsin

Creator:
Benton-Benai, Eddie
Date Created:
1999-03-05
Description:
Bawdwaywidun (Eddie Benton-Benai) was active in the American Indian Movement (AIM), is a member of the Midewiwin Lodge, Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe elder, speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. He speaks about his birth, name, and family but also history and culture.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

42. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Dee Bainbridge, Ashland, Wisconsin

Creator:
Bainbridge, Delores Dee, 1931-2008
Date Created:
1999-02-11
Description:
Delores "Dee" Bainbridge educator at Northland College and Bad River Tribal School, Bad River Ojibwe elder, is speaking Ojibwe, her first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. She explains the complexities of Ojibwe with examples and recites the Lord's Prayer in Ojibwe.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

43. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Dan Jones, Fond du Lac, Minnesota

Creator:
Jones, Daniel
Date Created:
1999-02-09
Description:
Dan Jones, Rainy River Ojibwe and Ojibwe language instructor at Fond du Lac Tribal and Community College, is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. He speaks about people's confusion over terms like Ojiwe, Chippewa and Anishinaabe.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

44. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Dan Jones. Fond du Lac, Minnesota

Creator:
Jones, Daniel
Date Created:
1999-02-09
Description:
Dan Jones, Rainy River Ojibwe and Ojibwe language instructor at Fond du Lac Tribal and Community College, is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Mr. Jones is an educator. He states: I really encourage my students, I say, "You know, you can decide for yourself what you want to do and what you want to learn."
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

45. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Anton Treuer, Hinckley, Minnesota

Creator:
Treuer, Anton, 1969-
Date Created:
1999-05-13
Description:
Waagosh (Anton Treuer), Bemidji State University Professor of Languages and Ethnic Studies, Indian Studies, and Director of American Indian Resource Center, an enrolled member of the Leech Lake Ojibwe, is speaking Ojibwe in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Dr. Treuer stated: "Approximately ten years ago I did not know how to speak Indian. But now when I lay down to sleep in the evening I dream in Indian."
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

46. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Anton Treuer, Hinckley, Minnesota

Creator:
Treuer, Anton, 1969-
Date Created:
1999-05-13
Description:
Waagosh (Anton Treuer), Bemidji State University Professor of Languages and Ethnic Studies, Indian Studies, and Director of American Indian Resource Center, an enrolled member of the Leech Lake Ojibwe, is speaking Ojibwe in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. Dr. Treuer stated: "Approximately ten years ago I did not know how to speak Indian. But now when I lay down to sleep in the evening I dream in Indian."
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

47. Waasa Inaabidaa: We Look In All Directions, Interview with Albert Churchill, Hinkley, Minnesota

Creator:
Churchill, Albert, 1918-2001
Date Created:
1999-05-12
Description:
Albert Churchill, ceremonial drum keeper, spiritual leader and Midewiwin member, Mille Lacs Ojibwe elder is speaking Ojibwe, his first language, in an interview for a television documentary on the history and culture of Lake Superior Anishinaabe. He states: I like our language; I like to sit and talk, and I like to sit and listen.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth Kathryn A. Martin Library, University Archives
Type:
Moving Image
Format:
Oral histories

48. Visiting Squaw Point, Pennington County, Minnesota

Date Created:
1900?
Description:
Visiting Squaw Point. See "Where Two Rivers Meet," 1996, page 3.
Contributing Institution:
Pennington County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

49. View of White Earth, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916-06-14
Description:
View of a lake and wooded areas in White Earth, Minnesota. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

50. View of tipis, St. Louis County, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916 - 1917
Description:
A number of tipis as well as the framing for a medicine lodge are visible in the landscape. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

51. View of lakeshore, St. Louis County, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916 - 1917
Description:
A view of the shore of an unidentified lake. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

52. View of Ghost Island in the distance, Nett Lake, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916 - 1917
Description:
A view of Nett Lake from the shore looking toward what photographer Stella Stocker calls Ghost Island, also known as Spirit Island. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

53. View from the dance lodge, Nett Lake, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916 - 1917
Description:
A view from the Nett Lake Ojibwe dance lodge. A number of houses are in the distance. The low structures in the foreground may be grave houses. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

54. View from inside our tent, St. Louis County, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916 - 1917
Description:
This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Clara Stocker, Stella's adult daughter, accompanied her on this camping trip. Stella Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

55. Valley of the St. Peters, Minnesota

Creator:
Eastman, Seth, 1808-1875
Date Created:
1841 - 1855
Description:
This is a print by the artist and military officer Seth Eastman, who was stationed in Minnesota before statehood. It shows a view of the Minnesota River Valley.
Contributing Institution:
Nicollet County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Prints (visual works)

56. U.S. Steel Traffic Committee visis the Government Indian School on Lake Vermilion, Minnesota

Creator:
United States Steel Corporation
Date Created:
1912-08
Description:
The members of the U.S. Steel Traffic Committee visited the Indian School at Lake Vermilion. They posed with some of the students and staff in front of the school.
Contributing Institution:
Minnesota Museum of Mining
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

57. Unknown Dakota village, Minnesota

Creator:
Adams, Arthur T., 1872-1955
Date Created:
1920 - 1929
Description:
Three unidentified Sioux are seated on the ground in front of a row of teepees. This image is by Arthur Adams, Minneapolis high school teacher, local historian, and photographer. Adams traveled throughout Minnesota, taking photographs to augment his lectures. His studio was located at 3648 Lyndale Avenue South in Minneapolis.
Contributing Institution:
Hennepin History Museum
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Lantern slides

58. Unidentified Ojibwe men at the Annual White Earth Celebration and Pow Wow, White Earth, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916-06-14
Description:
Two unidentified Ojibwe men are seated with their backs to the camera. They men are wearing decorated garments, roaches, feathers, and beaded bandolier bags. A large group of people are visible in the background. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

59. Unidentified Ojibwe girls, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916 - 1917
Description:
Two little girls are standing on the shore of a lake; both girls are wearing hair ribbons. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

60. Unidentified dancer carrying a bucket at the Annual White Earth Celebration and Pow Wow, White Earth, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916-06-14
Description:
An Ojibwe man is speaking to a seated Ojibwe woman. He is wearing a roach and beaded garments and holding a bucket. Drummers and a large number of people are in the background. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

61. Unidentified dancer at the Annual White Earth Celebration and Pow Wow, White Earth, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916-06-14
Description:
An unidentified young Ojibwe dancer is wearing a roach, beaded bandolier bag, moccasins, and fabric or ribbons over his shoulders. A large group of people are visible in the background. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

62. Two tipis, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916 - 1917
Description:
Two tipis stand in the landscape with a lake in the background. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

63. Two people dance at pow wow, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota

Date Created:
1994 - 1999
Description:
Two people dance at pow wow
Contributing Institution:
St. Cloud State University
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Slides (photographs)

64. Two people dance at pow wow, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota

Creator:
St. Cloud State University
Date Created:
1994-05
Description:
Two people dance at pow wow.
Contributing Institution:
St. Cloud State University
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Negatives (photographic)

65. Tribal leaders with government and business agents at Red Lake Indian Reservation, Minnesota

Date Created:
1900?
Description:
St. Mary's Mission, Red Lake Indian Reservation (Red Lake Band of Chippewa). "Traditionally the governmental structure of the Ojibwe was based on adherence to an hereditary clan chieftainship among the people, and the right to participate in clan decisions was an inherited right" (Lindblad, page 78). They did what they could to keep friendly relations with government agencies, traders, lumbermen and missionaries, while preserving their status of the reservation as a "closed reservation." The people of the Red Lake Indian Reservation themselves insisted on this status to protect their autonomy and food source. It took years for the American people to realize the injustices that were inflicted upon the Americans Indians. The Ojibwe's efforts at revitalizing their culture attest to their dignity and resilience as a people (SBMA Lindlbad, page 78).
Contributing Institution:
Saint Benedict's Monastery
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Studio portraits

66. Traverse des Sioux Treaty site and log cabin, St. Peter, Minnesota

Date Created:
1949
Description:
This image shows the rock that marks the site of the signing of the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux in 1851. Members of the St. Peter D. A. R. arranged for the rock to be brought to the site. With an attached plaque, the rock was dedicated in 1914. A log cabin is shown to the east of the rock. This postcard negative, marked 459, has been converted to a digital positive image.
Contributing Institution:
Nicollet County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Negatives (photographic)

67. Traverse des Sioux Treaty site and log cabin, St. Peter, Minnesota

Date Created:
1949
Description:
This image shows the marker and the log cabin that were located at the site of the signing of the 1851 Treaty of Travere des Sioux, north of St. Peter. The cabin, brought from the C. J. Edoff farm, was dedicated in 1931. This postcard negative, marked 1449, has been converted to a digital positive image.
Contributing Institution:
Nicollet County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Negatives (photographic)

68. Traverse des Sioux Treaty site and log cabin, St. Peter, Minnesota

Date Created:
1935?
Description:
The old log cabin at the site of the signing of the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux in 1851 and the boulder that marks the exact location are shown in this postcard. The view looks toward the east.
Contributing Institution:
Nicollet County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

69. Trail leading to Leech Lake Trading Post, Cass County, Minnesota

Creator:
Adams, Arthur T., 1872-1955
Date Created:
1920 - 1929
Description:
A trail in a grassy field that leads to the site of the Leech Lake Trading Post. This image is by Arthur Adams, Minneapolis high school teacher, local historian, and photographer. Adams traveled throughout Minnesota, taking photographs to augment his lectures. His studio was located at 3648 Lyndale Avenue South in Minneapolis.
Contributing Institution:
Hennepin History Museum
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Lantern slides

70. Town view, White Earth, Minnesota

Creator:
Bjornaas, Haakon, 1884-1949
Date Created:
1910-06-14
Description:
View at White Earth, Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
Northwest Minnesota Historical Center
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Postcards

71. Tipi, White Earth, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916-06-14
Description:
A tipi with a patterned quilt over the door is visible. A dog is lying at the door of the tipi. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

72. Tipi, White Earth, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916-06-14
Description:
The detail of a fabric enclosed tipi is visible, with wagons in the background. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

73. Tipi frames, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916 - 1917
Description:
A view of a campsite and two tipi frames in the landscape. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

74. Thunder Lake, Red Lake, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1917-08
Description:
A view of Thunder Lake. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

75. Three people in a canoe on a lake, St. Louis County, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916 - 1917
Description:
A distant view across a lake featuring two adults and a child in a canoe. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

76. Three Ojibwe men, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
Gaylord, Paul B., 1848-1936
Date Created:
1873?
Description:
Three Ojibwe men; packs and blankets in foreground; wooded area with vegetation
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

77. Three boys with slingshots, Red Lake, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1917-08
Description:
Three Ojibwe boys are sitting near a lake, playing with slingshots. In her album, photographer Stella Stocker notes that these boys sang for her. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

78. The Tribesman of Tuba, Arizona, by Cadwallader Lincoln Washburn

Creator:
Washburn, Cadwallader Lincoln
Date Created:
1900 - 1915
Description:
Drypoint etching of a head portrait of an American Indian signed "Cadwallader Lincoln Washburn." Washburn was a renowned deaf artist who was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and graduated from the Minnesota Institute for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind and the National Deaf-Mute College (soon to be renamed Gallaudet College). He donated this art work to the Charles Thompson Memorial Hall, a deaf club in St. Paul, Minnesota, in honor of its opening in 1916.
Contributing Institution:
Charles Thompson Memorial Hall
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Prints (visual works)

79. The Story of My Capture and Escape During the Minnesota Indian Massacre of 1862: With Historical Notes, Descriptions of Pioneer Life, and Sketches and Incidents of the Great Outbreak of the Sioux or Dakota Indians As I Saw Them

Creator:
Tarble, Helen M. (Helen Mar), 1843-1921
Date Created:
1904
Description:
Helen Tarble's first-hand account of the Dakota War of 1862, including a description of the largest mass execution in United States history.
Contributing Institution:
College of Saint Benedict & Saint John's University
Type:
Text
Format:
Books

80. The point, Pelican Lake, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916 - 1917
Description:
Clara Stocker appears to be laying a fire on the point of Pelican Lake. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.�
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

81. "The Place of Crossing" or Traverse Des Sioux, Blue Earth County, Minnesota

Date Created:
1895
Description:
View of Traverse Des Sioux or "crossing place of the Sioux." It was here in 1851 that the U.S. government signed a treaty with the Sisseton and Wahpeton bands of the Dakota Indians.
Contributing Institution:
Blue Earth County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

82. The Patriach of the Tribe, Tuba, Arizona, by Cadwallader Lincoln Washburn

Creator:
Washburn, Cadwallader Lincoln
Date Created:
1900 - 1915
Description:
Drypoint etching of a head portrait of an American Indian signed "Cadwallader Lincoln Washburn." Washburn was a renowned deaf artist who was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and graduated from the Minnesota Institute for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind and the National Deaf-Mute College (soon to be renamed Gallaudet College). He donated this art work to the Charles Thompson Memorial Hall, a deaf club in St. Paul, Minnesota, in honor of its opening in 1916.
Contributing Institution:
Charles Thompson Memorial Hall
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Prints (visual works)

83. Theodore Beaulieu and Nay-ban-ash-Kunk, Chippewa braves, White Earth, Minnesota

Date Created:
1910?
Description:
Theodore Beaulieu and Nay-ban-ash-Kunk, two Chippewa (Ojibwe) braves wearing native clothing.
Contributing Institution:
Becker County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

84. The Labors of Mgr. A. Ravoux at Mendota, St. Paul and Other Localities from the Spring of 1844 to July, 1851

Creator:
Ravoux, Augustine, 1815-1906
Date Created:
1897?
Description:
Monsignor Augustin Ravoux's life and work as a missionary to the Dakota in Minnesota from 1844-1851.
Contributing Institution:
College of Saint Benedict & Saint John's University
Type:
Text
Format:
Books

85. The Catholic School for Girls, Avoca, Minnesota

Date Created:
1888
Description:
The Catholic School for Girls in Avoca was started in 1883 by the Sisters of the Holy Child Jesus and included fifty Native American girls who were sent there by Bishop Ireland. The school closed in 1902, but reopened as St. Bernard Hall for boys in 1905.
Contributing Institution:
Murray County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

86. The Adventures of "Antelope Bill" in the Indian War of 1862

Creator:
Peirce, Parker I.
Date Created:
1898
Description:
First person account of the Dakota War of 1862 from the perspective of a seventeen-year-old boy.
Contributing Institution:
College of Saint Benedict & Saint John's University
Type:
Text
Format:
Books

87. Susie Clark, Mille Lacs, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916-06
Description:
Susie Clark faces the camera and two other girls, wearing blanket shawls, have their back to the camera. A dance circle and drum group are in the background. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

88. Susie Clark and friends, Mille Lacs, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916-06
Description:
Four Ojibwe young women and girls are standing in front of a birch bark covered structure, Susie Clark is on the right. They are wearing blanket shawls. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

89. Sunkawakan Wicayuhapi

Date Created:
1894
Description:
This pamphlet was created to teach students at the Santee Normal Training about the care of horses. The Santee Normal Training School instructed Dakota children in the Dakota language. These children came from families who were removed from Minnesota to Nebraska after the U.S.-Dakota War in 1863. Reverend A.L. Riggs founded the school in 1870 as an academy to train Native teachers. The school developed a printing press in 1871 and produced many materials in the Dakota language.
Contributing Institution:
Synod of Lakes and Prairies, Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)
Type:
Text
Format:
Pamphlets

90. Studio portrait of John Beargrease and his family, Two Harbors, Minnesota

Creator:
Butler, W. G.
Date Created:
1895 - 1900
Description:
Studio portrait of John Beargrease (1858-1910) and his family. Left to right: Augusta (Constance), John, Joseph, Charlotte, Louise, and Mary Anne Beargrease.
Contributing Institution:
Lake County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Cabinet photographs

91. Students of St. Benedict's Mission School, White Earth, Minnesota

Date Created:
1890?
Description:
St. Benedict's Mission, White Earth Indian Reservation (White Earth Band of Ojibwe). About 85 boarding students and six sisters posed in the inner court of St. St. Benedict's Mission School in the early 1890s. Record keeping for this large a group of children was not simple. While the churches constructed and operated the schools on the reservations, government policy allowed the schools an annual appropriation of a flat rate for tuition, board and clothing annually; the amount varied from $100 to $150 per pupil. This policy required careful quarterly reports to be sent to Washington. All expenditures had to be accounted for - the number of pounds of meat, sacks of flour, bushels of beans and potatoes, barrels of sugar, pounds of rice, and gallons of syrup and soap These accounts show the frugality of the mission school's fare. For example, the 1886 end-of-year record shows $2.00 for candy and $2.50 for a pair of geese. [SBMA, McDonald, pp. 240-241]
Contributing Institution:
Saint Benedict's Monastery
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

92. Students from the White Earth Indian Reservation attending St. Benedict's Industrial School, St. Joseph, Minnesota

Creator:
Saint John's Abbey (SJA), Collegeville, Minnesota
Date Created:
1884 - 1886
Description:
St. Benedict's Industrial School was established in 1884 when St. Benedict's Convent contracted with the U.S. government, through the Catholic Indian Bureau, for support of 30 girls from the White Earth Indian Reservation (White Earth Band of Ojibwe). Since St. Benedict's Convent had sent sisters to teach at the White Earth mission in 1878, recruitment contacts could easily be made. However, the parents were reluctant to have their daughters leave home and the children did not take to the rigors and formalities of institutional life and education. As a result of the resistance of the Ojibwe, most of the students who came from the reservation were of not fully native but of mixed white and Indian blood. Thus, the sisters inadvertently became a part of the suppressive system which disregarded the spirit and culture of the American Indians. "The federal government, aided by church-sponsored missionaries, marched steadily toward its goal of assimilation for Indians. The drive was particularly strong between the 1880s and the 1930s. Their aim was detribalization, individualization and 'Americanization' of the American Indian." (Berg, p. 159) In the boarding schools, students, taken from their homes, were given a new wardrobe, new language and a whole new way of life. It is not surprising that before the turn of the century the government rescinded the contract system. But it has taken almost another century and the experience of assimilating peoples of different cultures for the American people to begin to appreciate the enrichment that multicultural living can offer. (SBMA, McDonald, pages 120-122 and Sister Carol Berg, OSB, "Agents of Cultural Change: the Benedictines in White Earth," Minnesota History, winter 1982, page 159).
Contributing Institution:
Saint Benedict's Monastery
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

93. Striking the Post

Creator:
Eastman, Seth, 1808-1875
Date Created:
1853
Description:
This is a print by the artist and military officer Seth Eastman, who was stationed in Minnesota before statehood. The print shows a Native American activity in which a number of men are involved.
Contributing Institution:
Nicollet County Historical Society
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Prints (visual works)

94. St. Joseph okolakiciye ta olowan

Creator:
Catholic Church
Date Created:
1919
Description:
Chiefly Catholic hymns in the Dakota language, translated from Latin or English. Music notated in four parts (Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass) in treble and bass clef. Partial texts printed under music, with complete texts printed preceding or following the music. Includes alphabetical index of hymn titles in Dakota, and alphabetical index of hymn titles in English or Latin. University of St. Thomas, Archibishop Ireland Memorial Library call number: PM1024.A2 C3 1919
Contributing Institution:
University of St. Thomas - Archbishop Ireland Memorial Library
Type:
Notated Music
Format:
Songbooks

95. Stephen R. refugee party, Dakota War of 1862, Minnesota

Creator:
Ebell, Adrian J.
Date Created:
1920 - 1929
Description:
A group of refugees resting in a field. Led by Stephen R. Riggs, the group fled Dakota territory during the Dakota War of 1862. The photograph was taken by Adrian J. Ebell, a member of the party. This image is by Arthur Adams, Minneapolis high school teacher, local historian, and photographer. Adams traveled throughout Minnesota, taking photographs to augment his lectures. His studio was located at 3648 Lyndale Avenue South in Minneapolis.
Contributing Institution:
Hennepin History Museum
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Lantern slides

96. Stella Stocker writing near a lake, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Clara M., 1888-1976
Date Created:
1916 - 1917
Description:
A view of a lake with Stella Stocker in the foreground writing. A row boat is on the lake shore. This snapshot is from Stella Stocker's photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

97. Stella Stocker, Maingans and unidentified Ojibwe man watching the dancers at the Annual White Earth Celebration and Pow Wow, White Earth, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916-06-14
Description:
An unidentified man, wearing a beaded bandolier bag, is in the foreground with Maingans behind him and Stella Stocker's hat visible to the left. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

98. Stella Stocker bringing a balsam tree to her campsite, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Clara M., 1888-1976
Date Created:
1916 - 1917
Description:
Stella Stocker carrying a balsam fir tree to her and her daughter Clara's camp site. Clara Stocker must have taken this photograph. This snapshot is from Stella Stocker's photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

99. Stella Stocker and One Road at the pipe ceremony, Annual White Earth Celebration and Pow Wow, White Earth, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916-06-14
Description:
Stella Stocker combined two photographs to show One Road holding a pipe that she is smoking. One Road, a Dakota elder, is wearing a feather headdress. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

100. Stella Stocker and Maingans watching the dancers at the Annual White Earth Celebration and Pow Wow, White Earth, Minnesota

Creator:
Stocker, Stella Prince, 1858-1925
Date Created:
1916-06-14
Description:
Stella Stocker is in the foreground with an elder Ojibwe man, who is smoking a pipe, behind her. Stocker identified the man as Chief Maingans. Maingans was originally from Mille Lacs but was living at White Earth in 1908 where he was an informant for ethnographer Frances Densmore. This snapshot by Stella Stocker is from her photograph album. Stocker, a musician and music educator, studied American Indian music among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs
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