Subject Headings: Bridges Minnesota and Movable Bridges / Contributor: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, NEMHC Collections

101. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Speedboat in the Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1950?
Description:: The Duluth Yacht Club provided Scenic Rides. The Duluth Yacht Basin on the bayside of Park Point or Minnesota Point, near Tenth Avenue, was originally owned by Julius Barnes. It was subsequently owned by A. B. Hargrave. Hargrave sold it to the Lakehead Boat Basin, Incorporated in May 1959. The formal, brief, Duluth Yacht Club organized in 1890 and incorporated in 1905. It was distinct from the Duluth Boat Club but was absorbed by the Boat Club in 1909. The Lakehead investors were making improvements in 1959 and developed two areas. One was for outboard runabouts the other for cruiser operations. The Lakehead company would sell new and used yachts and boats.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

102. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of pleasure craft in the harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1967?
Description:: This view shows light the industrial Canal Park area at the left as you approach the Aerial Bridge and the 1966 completed Duluth Arena Auditorium at the center with its expansive parking lot. Sailboats and small pleasure craft are in the harbor. Fifth Avenue West overpass is at the far right. Note that Canal Park was not a tourist destination until the 1980s. It was zoned as a light industrial site for decades.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

103. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Minnesota Slip, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1959?
Description:: Minnesota Slip (water), on some 1920s maps called Lake Avenue Slip, is bounded by the Northern Pacific Railway Dock No. 6, and the businesses and warehouses on the harbor edge of Canal Park. The Marshall-Wells water towers are a feature standing tall next to the DeWitt Seitz Company building that stands today. The DeWitt-Seitz Co., whose plant, factory, warehouse and offices were at 390 S. Lake Avenue, was one of Duluth's prosperous businesses. The company, organized in 1905 by Henry F. Seitz and C E. DeWitt, manufactured all grades of mattresses and box springs, and included wholesale and jobbing of furniture and floor coverings. The DeWitt-Seitz best grade mattress and box spring, known as the Sanomade, carried the slogan "Remember the Name, the Rest is Easy." It was used and advertised all over the country. Its wholesale furniture and jobbing business covered Minnesota, northern Wisconsin and Michigan, North Dakota and parts of South Dakota and Montana. Including salesmen, the company employed a total of 60 persons in its nine story building that still stands as the DeWitt-Seitz Market Place in Canal Park. F. S. Kelly Furniture Co. bought the furniture stock of the DeWitt-Seitz Co in June of 1961. DeWitt-Seitz continued manufacturing mattresses and reorganized the firm, but the mattress company was sold in 1962.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

104. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Minnesota Point, Harbor, Rice's Point and St. Louis Bay, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1960?
Description:: The aerial lift bridge is owned and operated by the City of Duluth on Congressional permit. The Ship Canal and grounds are under the authority of the Lake Superior Area Office of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Minnesota Point, also called Park Point, is a well-known Duluth neighborhood that has a population of about 1,500; it is a major year-round recreational area with beaches and an airport. You can see the light edge of the sand beach parallel to the edge of the photograph. Minnesota Point is located at the western tip of Lake Superior, at the mouth of its largest tributary, the St. Louis River. Minnesota Point, seven miles long and averaging 500 feet wide, is geologically part of a continuous, sandy, bay mouth bar that stretches between Duluth and Superior, Wisconsin. The middle of the bar is submerged, creating the natural entry that separates Minnesota Point on the northwest from Wisconsin Point on the southeast. This bar was formed by two processes: primarily by sands carried from the South Shore and deposited by lake currents, and secondarily by sediment deposited by the St. Louis and Nemadji rivers. There are erosion and flood problems on the two sides of Minnesota Point. Most of the Minnesotas Lake Superior shore consists of rock and red clay. The vast sandy beach of Minnesota Point is not common. Shifts in dunes and breaks in dune line can occur in just a few hours. If a blow hole forms in a dune line, up to 3,000 cubic feet of sand can shift during a single storm. Vegetation can help prevent dune erosion. Dunes are extremely important in controlling wind erosion on Minnesota Point. To protect the dunes, it is essential to control pedestrian traffic and prohibit the use of vehicles. If it is necessary to cross dunes, the use of designated trails with boardwalks or bark mulch can minimize damage.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Aerial photographs

105. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Minnesota Point, Harbor, Rice's Point and St. Louis Bay

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1960?
Description:: The aerial lift bridge is owned and operated by the City of Duluth on Congressional permit. The Ship Canal and grounds are under the authority of the Lake Superior Area Office of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Minnesota Point, also called Park Point, is a well-known Duluth neighborhood that has a population of about 1,500; it is a major year-round recreational area with beaches and an airport. You can see the light edge of the sand beach parallel to the edge of the photograph. Minnesota Point is located at the western tip of Lake Superior, at the mouth of its largest tributary, the St. Louis River. Minnesota Point, seven miles long and averaging 500 feet wide, is geologically part of a continuous, sandy, bay mouth bar that stretches between Duluth and Superior, Wisconsin. The middle of the bar is submerged, creating the natural entry that separates Minnesota Point on the northwest from Wisconsin Point on the southeast. This bar was formed by two processes: primarily by sands carried from the South Shore and deposited by lake currents, and secondarily by sediment deposited by the St. Louis and Nemadji rivers. There are erosion and flood problems on the two sides of Minnesota Point. Most of the Minnesotas Lake Superior shore consists of rock and red clay. The vast sandy beach of Minnesota Point is not common. Shifts in dunes and breaks in dune line can occur in just a few hours. If a blow hole forms in a dune line, up to 3,000 cubic feet of sand can shift during a single storm. Vegetation can help prevent dune erosion. Dunes are extremely important in controlling wind erosion on Minnesota Point. To protect the dunes, it is essential to control pedestrian traffic and prohibit the use of vehicles. If it is necessary to cross dunes, the use of designated trails with boardwalks or bark mulch can minimize damage.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Aerial photographs

106. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Elevator Row on Rice's Point and the Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1980?
Description:: Aerial view of Rice's Point, Duluth harbor, waterfront, canal park and Minnesota Point. Duluth's first elevator, Elevator A, was built by the Union Improvement and Elevator Company in 1870 outside of the harbor proper near what is now the Fitger's complex. Elevator A was destroyed by fire November 27, 1886. Elevators B through E were constructed between 1880 and 1884. Most of these concrete elevators were built in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. W. W. "Will" Cargill's brother Sam opened an office in Duluth in 1892 and built the company's first elevator, Elevator K. Elevator K could hold 2.5 million bushels. In the 1970s, Cargill purchased the Occident and Peavey elevators from the F. H. Peavey Company, renaming them Cargill Elevators C and D. In 1900, Frank H. Peavey built Peavey-Duluth Terminal on Rice's Point. The 3.35 million-bushel complex consisted of fifty tanks, the first major concrete terminal elevator in the world. In the foreground is the Seaway Port Authority of Duluth's (SPAD) Arthur M. Clure Public Marine Terminal that initially sat on 80 acres of tax-forfeited land. It was in operation in the spring of 1959.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Color photographs

107. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Duluth Harbor from the East Hillside, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1956 - 1960
Description:: This image stretches from the ore docks at 33rd Avenue West to about Eighth Avenue East, incorporating downtown Duluth and portions of the East Hillside, Minnesota Point, Superior, and the Superior harbor. A laker has just passed under the Aerial Lift Bridge and is heading in to the Duluth harbor. Grain elevators on Rice's Point are above the vessel. In the center of the photo is Hotel Duluth, just below what is now called the corner of the lake, with Fitger's Brewery to the left.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

108. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Duluth Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1952?
Description:: Duluth harbor looking at the waterfront, the hillside beyond and the Canal Park area abutting the bridge. At the left on the waterfront are warehouse district buildings and remaining North Western Fuel Company coal docks before you reach slips and Canal Park businesses. At the center of the image is a light building, Hotel Duluth, at Superior Street and Third Avenue East that opened in May 1925. The bay side view of Minnesota Point is at the right with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers vessel yard facility.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

109. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Duluth Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1966?
Description:: View from the harbor looking toward the Duluth downtown business district and the hillside. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers vessel yard is at the right. The U.S. Amry Corps of Engineers Building is framed by the Aerial Lift Bridge whose span is raised for the exit of an approaching ore boat. The ore boat is parallel to the new Arena Auditorium, just opened August 1966. The excursion boat business is at the corner of the Arena and Minnesota Slip. The pyramid shaped roof ofthe Pietro Belluschi designed copper top church, First Methodist, at Central Entrance and Skyline Drive is visible. It was completed in 1966. Canal Park is still industrial but will become a tourist destination following redevelopment in the 1980s. The South Breakwater Inner Light Tower or the Canal Park lighthouse is at the far right.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

110. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Duluth Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1956?
Description:: View of the harbor from above, possibly from Skyline Drive. The long, low Northern Pacific Railroad freight sheds are between Minnesota and Industrial slips. A laker is in Minnesota Slip. The coal dock area will be the construction site for the Duluth Arena Auditorium in 1963. Hearding Island is off Minnesota Point in the harbor. The island is the uninhabited site that has been called Bird Island by Park Point residents and Harbor Island by Duluth Bird Club members. The name Hearding Island is for William Hellins Hearding (England, 1826-1893, Milwaukee) who surveyed the Duluth-Superior harbor in 1861 as assigned by Captain (later a general in the Civil War) George C. Meade. The survey, completed in a little over two months, included the St. Louis River up to Fond du Lac, and the bay including Minnesota Point and the mouth of the Nemadji River. Rice's Point is at the middle left of the image showing a number of grain elevators.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

111. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Duluth Harbor and West Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1950?
Description:: View of West Duluth facing downtown Duluth and Lake Superior. The image includes the Duluth Missabe and Iron Range railroad ore docks, grain elevators on Rice's Point, the Aerial Lift Bridge, Minnesota Point, and Lake Superior. Wade Stadium is visible in the center of the picture to the left of the ore docks, with Wheeler Field, 3501 Grand Avenue, to the left of the stadium. Denfeld High School, 4405 West Fourth Street, is in the center of the bottom portion of the image with the West Junior High below it at the southwest corner of North Central Avenue and West Sixth Street. The Interstate Bridge connects Duluth and Superior, Wisconsin at Rice's Point. The Duluth Missabe and Iron Range railroad tracks are at the lower left, continuing to the ore docks where three vessels are waiting to be loaded with ore.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

112. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Duluth from Skyline Parkway, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1954?
Description:: Skyline Parkway began in 1888 as Terrace Parkway or Rogers Boulevard. It was extended under Mayor Samuel F. Snively. Today, Skyline Parkway Drive stretches about 27 miles. In December 1959 the Duluth City Council and Mayor E. Clifford Bork changed the name of Rogers parkway and Skyline Boulevard to Skyline Parkway. The smokestack at the far left is part of the Duluth steam plant. It heats hundreds of downtown buildings. To the left of the smokestack is Hotel Duluth, which opened to great fanfare on May 21, 1925. Hotel Duluth became senior housing and was renamed Greysolon Plaza in October 1981.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

113. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Duluth from Skyline Parkway, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1970?
Description:: Northern City National Bank's NC sign was placed on top of the Alworth building in 1957 where the bank occupied the Alworth's main floor. The sign was permanently removed in 1980 when a bank merger resulted in the new First Bank. The Alworth is Duluth's tallest downtown building at 16 stories. The round or cylindrical building at the right is the Radisson Hotel built in 1970 with an addition in 1975. The top floor of the Radisson holds the Top of the Harbor restaurant that turns 360 degrees while you dine. The Aerial Bridge's lift span is up because an ore boat it about to exit the harbor. Minnesota Point extends into the distance, with Hearding Island to its right in the harbor. Hearding Island is the uninhabited site called Bird Island by Part Point residents and Harbor Island by Duluth Bird Club members. In December 1962, the St. Louis County Historical Society, supported by the Park Point Community Club, petitioned the U.S. Board on Geographic Names (Dept. of the Interior) to use the name Hearding Island on all official and Federal maps designating an island in the Superior Bay portion of the harbor parallel to Minnesota Point from 20-24th Street, Duluth, Minnesota. The Duluth City Council officially named it Hearding Island for local use July 1962, ordinance No. 7323. The name Hearding Island is for William Hellins Hearding (1826-1893) who surveyed the Duluth-Superior harbor in 1861 as assigned by Capt. (later general Civil War) George C. Meade.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

114. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Duluth from Skyline Drive, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1954?
Description:: This view stretches from Harbor View Homes at Lake Avenue and Eleventh street at the bottom of the photograph to Canal Park and then Minnesota Point lying beyond the Aerial Bridge at the left. At the far right are grain elevators in the Duluth harbor.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

115. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Duluth Business District and Canal Park, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1975?
Description:: Northern City National Bank's NC sign was placed on top of the Alworth building in 1957 where the bank occupied the Alworth's main floor. The sign was permanently removed in 1980 when a bank merger resulted in the new First Bank. The Alworth is Duluth's tallest downtown building at 16 stories. Minnesota Point extends into the distance. The Arena Auditorium is in the middle of this photograph on the edge of the harbor. Later, the street behind the complex will be renamed Harbor Drive. The Arena Auditorium itself will be expanded and renamed the DECC in 1987. Canal Park, at the far left, is still occupied by industrial businesses in this image. It will not begin to transition to the tourist destination we know it as today until Grandma's Restaurant opens there in a rehabilitated building in 1976. The seven-story Ordean Building is next to the Fifth Avenue West Overpass. The Ordean was built in 1973 and occupies the site of the Spalding Hotel.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

116. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Duluth and Lake Superior, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1979
Description:: View of Duluth from above Skyline Drive out to Lake Superior where laker and saltie vessels wait to come in to the harbor. There can be a pile up of vessels waiting for cargo that has not yet arrived for pick up. In this case, there was a grain millers' strike in progress. The strike, called by local 118 of the American Federation of Grain Millers lasted twelve weeks beginning July 6. You can see the orange bottoms of the vessels. They are riding high on the water without the weight of their cargos. Once filled, the vessel's weight forces the orange portion to be underwater and not visible. You can also see the cranes on the decks of the vessels. The cranes are used to transport commodities onto the vessel. Tourism is a major financial driver for Duluth. Visible are the Arena Auditorium just to the left of the Aerial bridge. The Arena is an oval shape. Opened in August 1966, the Arena Auditorium complex was altered late and finally renamed as the DECC, Duluth Entertainment and Convention Center. The Northwest Passage enclosed walkway parallels the Canal Park area. The walkway stretches from a bank building on Superior Street to the Arena and was completed in 1976. The Normandy Inn hotel and restaurant building stands out. The tall Steam Plant smoke stack is behind it. The Normandy, on Superior Street between Second and Third Avenues West, opened in December 1977 . It becomes the Holiday Inn in the early 1980s, a part of the Labovitz and Goldfine properties. The Normandy stands on what was called the Lyric Block named for the grand Lyric theater that occupied 75 feet of frontage on Superior Street for decades. Duluth's first Skywalk segment connected the Normandy with the First American National Bank across Superior Street. The block with the Lyric theater was razed beginning in June of 1976 for new development. The distinctively shaped, round, Radisson Hotel is further west on Superior Street. The Radisson opened in May 1970 with its restaurant on the top that slowly turns 360 degrees. The view from the restaurant is remarkable. Rooms were added in 1975. The NC sign is on top of the Alworth building. The Northern City National Bank's NC was there from 1957 to 1980 when the bank became First Bank Duluth. The Duluth Public Library is the gray oval shaped building to the left of the Radisson at 520 West Superior Street. The library opened in the summer of 1980. The turrets are visible of the 1892 Union Depot, now the St. Louis County Heritage and Arts Center, just behind the library, at 506 West Michigan Street. This Peabody and Stearns designed building is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Color photographs

117. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Downtown Duluth and Minnesota Point, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1962?
Description:: A vessel enters the harbor in this view of downtown Duluth and Minnesota Point. Fifth Avenue West runs directly from the St. Louis County Courthouse to the waterfront in the lower right corner of this image. At Fifth Avenue West and Superior Street is the Holland Hotel on the right; and on the left the brownstone Spalding hotel building which will be razed in 1963. On the lower left of this view are the tall Alworth building and the wide Medical Arts building both on the lower side of Superior Street.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

118. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Downtown Duluth and Harbor from the Hillside, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1954?
Description:: View of Downtown Duluth from Fourth Avenue West including the Duluth Harbor, Aerial Lift Bridge, Minnesota Point, and Lake Superior. Duluth City Hall and the St. Louis County Courthouse and jail are visible in the center right. Just below the Lift Bridge are the tall Alworth building and the wider Medical Arts building, both on the lower side of Superior Street. Along the waterfront are Minnesota Slip, Industrial Slip, the North Western Fuel Company coal dock, to the right is the Northern Cold Storage Building, 702 West Railroad Street. A number of lake vessels are grouped together in the center of the harbor.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

119. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Downtown Duluth and Harbor from the Hillside, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1962?
Description:: View over downtown Duluth from Skyline Drive or the Parkway. Skyline Parkway extends from Becks Road east to the Lester River, ending at Lake Superior. The road skirts the ridge line of Duluth, though portions extend into Proctor and Midway Township. About 25 miles of it can traveled by car. The National Scenic Byways Program is part of the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. The program is a grass-roots collaborative effort established to help recognize, preserve and enhance selected roads throughout the United States. Since 1992, the National Scenic Byways Program has funded 2,832 projects for state and nationally designated byway routes in 50 states, Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia. The U.S. Secretary of Transportation recognizes certain roads as All-American Roads or National Scenic Byways based on one or more archeological, cultural, historic, natural, recreational and scenic qualities. A laker is entering the harbor having just passed under the raised aerial lift bridge. The tall, light-colored buildings on Superior street are, left to right, the First National Bank (1958), the Alworth building (1909), and the Medical Arts building (1932). The cluster of brownish buildings at the tip of the ore boat are the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway Station depot Minnesota Point extends in a graceful curve beyond the bridge. You can see the sand beach on the lake side that is enjoyed by locals and visitors. There is a park with amenities at what is called The End, which includes baseball and polo fields and the Park Point Beach house.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Color photographs

120. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of city and Lake Superior, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1979
Description:: Nearly a companion photo to 2161.6, this is an autumn day. View of Duluth from above Skyline Drive out to Lake Superior where laker and saltie vessels wait to come in to the harbor. There can be a pile up of vessels waiting for cargo that has not yet arrived for pick up. In this case, there was a grain millers' strike in progress. The strike, called by Local 118 of the American Federation of Grain Millers, lasted twelve weeks beginning on July 6. It began against two of the eight elevators in the Twin Ports, but by July 25 affected all elevators. It had nothing to do with the longshoremen. You can see the orange bottoms of some of the vessels. They are riding high on the water without the weight of their cargos. Once filled, the vessel's weight forces the orange portion to be underwater and not visible. You can also see the cranes on the decks of the vessels. The cranes are used to transport commodities onto the vessel. There is an ore boat and tug in the bay. The Arena Auditorium is just to the right of the Aerial bridge. The Arena is an oval shape. Opened in August 1966, the Arena Auditorium complex was altered later and finally renamed as the DECC, Duluth Entertainment and Convention Center. The Normandy Inn hotel and restaurant building stands out with its red name on a white wall. The Normandy, on Superior Street between Second and Third Avenues West, opened in December 1977 . It becomes the Holiday Inn in the early 1980s, a part of the Labovitz and Goldfine properties. The Normandy stands on what was called the Lyric Block named for the grand Lyric theater that occupied 75 feet of frontage on Superior Street for decades. Duluth's first Skywalk segment connected the Normandy with the First American National Bank across Superior Street. The block with the Lyric theater was razed beginning in June of 1976 for new development. The distinctively shaped, round, Radisson Hotel is obscured by trees. You can just see the top of it. It is further west on Superior Street. The Radisson opened in May 1970. The NC sign is on top of the Alworth building. The Northern City National Bank's NC was there from 1957 to 1980 when the bank became First Bank Duluth. The smokestack at the left is part of the Duluth Steam Cooperative that supplies heat to many downtown buildings.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Color photographs

121. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Canal Park, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1962?
Description:: This area is below Superior Street. Superior Street is the main street in downtown Duluth. Minnesota Slip (water), on some 1920s maps called Lake Avenue Slip, is the parking spot for four lake vessels in this photograph. Today this slip holds the William A. Irvin ore boat museum. The slip is bounded by the Northern Pacific Railway Dock and the NP's low freight sheds on the right, and by Canal Park on the left. The sign on the brick building next to the Robert N. Joynt vessel says North Star Terminal and Dock Company; Standard Salt and Cement Company. The Marshall-Wells company was located in Canal Park and was in fact the world's largest hardware distributor for decades. The Coast-to-Coast Stores bought the Duluth division of Marshall-Wells-Kelley How-Thomson Company in 1958, which ended the Duluth firm's operation. The Marshall-Wells water towers stand tall next to the De Witt-Seitz mattress manufacturing building. De Witt-Seitz is a mixed-use building today of shops, restaurants, offices and meeting spaces. Zenith was a brand name for many Marshall-Wells products. Everything in this view will transition into a tourist destination.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

122. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Business District to Canal Park, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1960?
Description:: The lift span is up; a vessel either just entered the harbor or is soon to exit but the ship is not visible. From the Marshall-Wells sign at the left to the Aerial Bridge is the area known as Canal Park. At the time of this image, there is still a mix of business and industry in this compact area. It is not going to be a tourist attraction until Grandma's Restaurant opens in 1976, followed by dozens of other amenities. Minnesota Slip will hold the 600-foot William A. Irvin ore boat museum in 1986. The Marshall-Wells Company started in 1886 as Chapin and Wells Company a wholesale hardware business. Albert Morley Marshall, son of Seth, bought controlling interest in 1893 and changed the name to Marshall-Wells Company. The company grew to include 14 wholesale offices throughout the northwestern U.S. and Canada. In 1955 Ambrook Industries Inc. of New York bought controlling interest. Kelley-How-Thomson, Marshall-Wells merged January 1, 1958. Kelley-How-Thomson had been a subsidiary of Marshall-Wells since 1955 when Ambrook bought Marshall-Wells and reorganized. The Coast-to-Coast Stores bought the Duluth division of Marshall-Wells-Kelley How-Thomson Company in 1958, which ended the Duluth firm's operation. Coolerator Company began in 1908 as the Duluth Show Case Company. Its name changed to Duluth Refrigerator Company in 1928, and to the Coolerator Company in 1934. It was a subsidiary of the Marshall-Wells Building Corporation.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

123. Aerial Lift Bridge: View From the Civic Center, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1974?
Description:: A band is playing on the steps of the Federal Building in the Civic Center. The Federal Building is at the right, the St. Louis County Courthouse is behind you and a little to the left. Duluth's City Hall is not visible, but is at the far left, facing the Federal Building. The cylindrical building is the Radisson Hotel. The Arena Auditorium is just in front of the Aerial Bridge. The span is up: a vessel is either outbound or inbound. Cars and pedestrians on either side of the bridge must wait. They are being "bridged" or stopped by the vessel traffic. On the other side of the tree and the child on the bicycle is the civic center pool and fountain.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

124. Aerial Lift Bridge: View from Skyline Parkway, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1973?
Description:: This view from Skyline Drive over the central business district of Duluth showing the curve of Minnesota Point is what this woman and two children see. People tend to get out of their cars to enjoy the wide view from Skyline. The Aerial Bridge has already lowered as the ore boat that passed under it now glides into the harbor. Northern Drug Company, or L. W. Leithhead Drug in earlier years, is the multistory building next to the new Fifth Avenue West curving road. The Flame Restaurant and sign are visible on the harbor shore at the tip of the ore boat between the Duluth Arena Auditorium (now called the DECC - Duluth Entertainment and Convention Center) and the circular Radisson Hotel.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

125. Aerial Lift Bridge: View from Skyline Parkway, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1962?
Description:: This view from Skyline Drive shows the buildings of downtown Duluth and Canal Park. Minnesota Point stretches beyond the Aerial Lift Bridge. Formerly known as Rogers Boulevard, Skyline Parkway stretches 25 miles from Becks Road east to the Lester River, ending at Lake Superior. Skyline Parkway was designated as a State Scenic Byway in 1998.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

126. Aerial Lift Bridge: View from Skyline Parkway, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1950?
Description:: This view from Skyline Drive shows the buildings of downtown Duluth and Canal Park. Minnesota Point stretches beyond the Aerial Lift Bridge. Formerly known as Rogers Boulevard, Skyline Parkway stretches 25 miles from Becks Road east to the Lester River, ending at Lake Superior. Skyline Parkway was designated as a State Scenic Byway in 1998.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

127. Aerial Lift Bridge: View from Skyline Parkway, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1954?
Description:: This view from Skyline Drive shows the buildings of downtown Duluth and Canal Park (left). Minnesota Point stretches beyond the Aerial Lift Bridge. In the foreground, the roadway formerly known as Rogers Boulevard, Skyline Parkway stretches 25 miles from Becks Road east to the Lester River, ending at Lake Superior. Skyline Parkway was designated as a State Scenic Byway in 1998.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

128. Aerial Lift Bridge: View from Leif Erikson Park, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1950?
Description:: Unidentified vessel leaving the canal. This photograph was part of the Duluth Chamber of Commerce publicity efforts.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

129. Aerial Lift Bridge: View from Leif Erikson Park, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1960?
Description:: There are many places along the Lake shore to pause, wade, throw rocks into the water, and enjoy views toward the bridge and Canal Park or across to Wisconsin's south shore which you can see well on a clear day, or up the shore toward Canada.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

130. Aerial Lift Bridge: View From Enger Park, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1966?
Description:: View from near Enger Memorial Tower in Enger Park. The park is located at Sixteenth Avenue West and Skyline Parkway Drive. The 330 acre Enger Park was dedicated June 15, 1939 by Olav, Crown Prince of Norway. Bert J. Enger (1864-1931) fifth member of Duluth's Hall of Fame, who provided funds for a municipal golf course, left two-thirds of his $185,000 estate to civic enterprises and charitable organizations including: Aftenro Society, Bethany Children's Home, Wesley Methodist church, Norwegian-American Historical Society, Salvation Army, Lighthouse for the Blind, and Miller Memorial hospital maintenance fund. Enger park, acquired partly by gift from Bert Enger, was acquired by the city of Duluth between 1891 and 1928. Enger Tower cost $30,000 to build, is six stories high, 70 feet tall, 583 feet above Lake Superior. You can see 31.4 miles on a clear day. It has a 10 foot conical shaped beacon at the top with 32 vertical tubes. One third of the $185,000 Enger estate, $61,000, was to be used for a civic memorial.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

131. Aerial Lift Bridge: View From Enger Park, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1958?
Description:: View from near Enger Memorial Tower in Enger Park. The park is located at Sixteenth Avenue West and Skyline Parkway Drive. The 330 acre Enger Park was dedicated June 15, 1939 by Olav, Crown Prince of Norway. Bert J. Enger (1864-1931) fifth member of Duluth's Hall of Fame, who provided funds for a municipal golf course, left two-thirds of his $185,000 estate to civic enterprises and charitable organizations including: Aftenro Society, Bethany Children's Home, Wesley Methodist church, Norwegian-American Historical Society, Salvation Army, Lighthouse for the Blind, and Miller Memorial hospital maintenance fund. Enger park, acquired partly by gift from Bert Enger, was acquired by the city of Duluth between 1891 and 1928. Enger Tower cost $30,000 to build, is six stories high, 70 feet tall, 583 feet above Lake Superior. You can see 31.4 miles on a clear day. It has a 10 foot conical shaped beacon at the top with 32 vertical tubes. One third of the $185,000 Enger estate, $61,000, was to be used for a civic memorial.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

132. Aerial Lift Bridge: View from downtown, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1959?
Description:: This view is from just below First Street looking down Second Avenue West. Glass Block department store and the Sellwood building are on the corners of Superior Street and Second Avenue West. Railroad Street and ice filled slips are between downtown and the bridge. Minnesota Point extends beyond the bridge at the top of the image. Glass Block was built in 1893 and three floors added in 1902. It closed in 1981. The Sellwood was built in 1908 and still stands.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

133. Aerial Lift Bridge: View from Central Hillside, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1970?
Description:: You are overlooking part of Duluth's business district from the hillside. The bridge's lift span is up as an ore boat is approaching the canal to exit the harbor. The tallest blond buildings are the Alworth at the left (built in 1909) and the Medical Arts (1932) to its right. The Arena Auditorium complex (renamed the DECC in 1987) is nearer to the aerial lift bridge in front of the ore boat. At the far left is Canal Park. The tall building is the DeWitt-Seitz, currently full of shops, restaurants, businesses and meeting rooms. The DeWitt-Seitz Co., whose plant, factory, warehouse and offices were at 390 South Lake Avenue was one of Duluth's prosperous industries. The company, organized in 1905 by Henry F. Seitz and C. E. De Witt, manufactured all grades of mattresses and box springs, and the wholesale and jobbing of furniture and floor coverings. The DeWitt-Seitz best grade mattress and box spring, known as the Sanomade and carrying the slogan "Remember the Name, the Rest is Easy," was used and advertised all over the country. Its wholesale furniture and jobbing business covered Minnesota, northern Wisconsin and Michigan, North Dakota and parts of South Dakota and Montana. Including salesmen, the company employed a total of 60 persons in its nine story building that still stands as the De Witt-Seitz Market Place. In 1930, it employed "more than 40 persons" and had a payroll of $100,000. F. S. Kelly Furniture Co. bought the furniture stock of the company in June 1961. DeWitt-Seitz continued manufacturing mattresses and reorganized the firm, but the mattress company was sold in 1962.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

134. Aerial Lift Bridge: View from Central Hillside, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1962?
Description:: A laker prepares to enter the Ship Canal in this view of downtown Duluth, Canal Park and Minnesota Point. In the center right of the image is a rear view of the Duluth Civic Center buildings. In Canal Park on the left of the image we can see the DeWitt Seitz and Marshall Wells buildings. Zenith was a brand name used by Marshall Wells.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

135. Aerial Lift Bridge: View from Central Hillside, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1970?
Description:: At the far left you can see the tall DeWitt-Seitz Mattress Company building in Canal Park, whose plant, factory, warehouse and offices were at 390 South Lake Avenue was one of Duluth's prosperous industries. The company organized in 1905 by Henry F. Seitz and C. E. DeWitt, and manufactured all grades of mattresses and box springs, and the wholesale and jobbing of furniture and floor coverings. The DeWitt-Seitz best grade mattress and box spring, known as the Sanomade and carried the slogan "Remember the Name, the Rest is Easy," was used and advertised all over the country. Its wholesale furniture and jobbing business covered Minnesota, northern Wisconsin and Michigan, North Dakota and parts of South Dakota and Montana. Including salesmen, the company employed a total of 60 persons in its nine story building that still stands as the DeWitt-Seitz Market Place in Canal Park. In 1930, it employed "more than 40 persons" and had a payroll of $100,000. F. S. Kelly Furniture Company bought the furniture stock of DeWitt-Seitz in June 1961. De Witt-Seitz continued manufacturing mattresses and reorganized the firm, but the mattress company was sold in 1962. The Fifth Avenue West overpass is at the far right. Downtown is between with the Arena Auditorium on the harbor waterfront in the middle of the image.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

136. Aerial Lift Bridge: Vessel enters the harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1960?
Description:: Colorized or hand colored image of a vessel entering the harbor. Waterfront industrial structures are beyond the bow of the ship. The lighthouse structure at the left dates from 1901. The formal name is South Breakwater Inner Light Tower formerly owned and regulated by the federal government. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is 67 feet tall. The tower's light was first lit in 1901. It was bought in December 2008 by Steve Sola and Matt Kampf of Duluth. The winning bid was more than $31,000.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Color photographs

137. Aerial Lift Bridge: Vessel enters the harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1960?
Description:: The post card caption says These giant ore and grain carriers measure as long as 729 feet and have a pay load of up to 26,000 tons. They make the round trip from Duluth to Lake Erie ports and back in 4 to 5 days. There are over 300 ore and grain carriers operated by some 25 companies.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

138. Aerial Lift Bridge: The Asia Enters the harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1960?
Description:: Tanker Asia transported grain from Canada to the Great Lakes. It was sold in February 1960 to D. B. Deniz Nakliyati T.A.S., Istanbul, renamed and reflagged Gaizan, Turkey and delivered to the buyers in Galveston, Texan in 1960. There is no trace of this vessel after 1977.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

139. Aerial Lift Bridge: Passenger Vessel South American Departs Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1955?
Description:: The passenger vessel South American was built in 1914. During the summer season, the vessel made weekly trips between Buffalo, New York and Duluth. The 321-foot vessel, with a passenger capacity of 440 and a crew of 170 made its last visit to Duluth in 1966.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

140. Aerial Lift Bridge: Ore boat enters the harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1980?
Description:: View from the Duluth harbor to the hillside and up the shore. The $283,000 Canal Park Marine Museum's (dark building under the bridge) ground breaking was September 12, 1972, followed by a dedication event September 29, 1973. In 1973, it cost the Army Corps of Engineers $40,000 annually to operate the museum which has always been free to the public. The Museum Expansion dedication was July 5, 1979. To the left of the Marine Museum is the striped awning of Grandma's Restaurant (opened in 1976) but the rest of Canal Park is still in transition. It will become a tourist destination as all of the industrial business are sold and closed and replaced by shops, restaurants, hotels, and the Lake Walk. On the shore line at the far left is Leif Erikson park.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Color photographs

141. Aerial Lift Bridge: Ore Boat Entering Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1952?
Description:: A Pittsburgh Steamship Division vessel is just about to move under the lift span of the bridge. If the crew looks toward the hillside it will see Minnesota Slip, Industrial Slip, remnants of the North Western Fuel Company coal dock, Northern Pacific Railroad docks 5 and 6, the site of Fifth Avenue West and Commerce Street that once was the bustling warehouse district and includes the Lakes Transit Company, F.A. Patrick building, Northern Drug wholesale building, and the electric company power station. The Flame Restaurant is the light rectangular building near the water's edge. Remnants of the Whitney Brothers rock crushing business are at the far right in the lake.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

142. Aerial Lift Bridge: Night view, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1965?
Description:: A night view shows the lights of Duluth's central business district and lights along the piers of the canal. The two central buildings are the tall Alworth building and the wide Medical Arts building both on the lower side of Superior Street. Fourth Avenue West is bright and visible and runs next to the darker Providence building. All three buildings still stand.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

143. Aerial Lift Bridge: Night Lights at the Duluth Waterfront, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1968?
Description:: The Duluth Arena Auditorium, the Aerial Lift Bridge and the buildings and streets of downtown Duluth are lit up in this night time view of the Duluth Harbor. Ground was broken December 19, 1963, for the Arena Auditorium, it opened in August 1966. It was renamed the DECC or Duluth Entertainment and Convention Center in August, 1987. The NC sign is on top of the Alworth building. The Northern City National Bank's NC was there from 1957 to 1980 when the bank became First Bank Duluth.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

144. Aerial Lift Bridge: John A. Blatnik Bridge D-116, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1975?
Description:: The caption on this post card says JOHN A BLATNIK BRIDGE A Foreign Ship enters the Duluth-Superior Harbor Westerly Terminus of the St. Lawrence Seaway. The Port Authority Terminal is shown in the background. This is the Interstate Bridge. The original Interstate toll bridge was built in 1897, property of the Duluth-Superior Bridge Company, a subsidiary of the Great Northern Railroad. It was replaced by the this High Bridge or the Blatnik Bridge as it was renamed in 1971.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

145. Aerial Lift Bridge: Giant Ore Carrier Going Through Canal, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1955?
Description:: The full caption on this post card says Giant Ore Carrier going through the canal and under the famous Aerial Lift Bridge in Duluth, Minn. Ore and grain carriers measure as long as 729 feet carrying up to 26,000 tons. Duluth is the westerly terminus of the St. Lawrence Seaway.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

146. Aerial Lift Bridge, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1975?
Description:: This post card caption says D-103 NITE VIEW OF AERIAL LIFT BRIDGE Duluth, Minnesota Vessels from the world's ports arrive at the Duluth-Superior Harbor after transiting the St. Lawrence Seaway. A few more details could include that the St. Lawrence Seaway, after a 40 year struggle, was officially opened June 26, 1959, by President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Queen Elizabeth II. On July 11, 1959 several thousand people gathered in Canal Park, and more lined the lake shore as far north as the Lester River, to celebrate the first ocean-going vessels to arrive in Duluth following completion of the St. Lawrence Seaway.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

147. Aerial Lift Bridge: Colytto Arriving in Duluth-Superior Harbor D-118, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1970?
Description:: This post card caption says Dutch Ship Colytto - 475 feet-long and 62-feet wide with a tonnage capacity of 9075 tons arrives at Duluth coming through the canal and under the famous Aerial Lift Bridge. Duluth is the westerly terminus of the St. Lawrence Seaway. This is an ocean general cargo vessel. Its derricks and booms enable it to load various package cargoes. The St. Lawrence Seaway is the common name for a system of locks, canals and channels that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the North American Great Lakes, as far as Lake Superior. Legally it extends from Montreal to Lake Erie, including the Welland Canal. The seaway is named after the Saint Lawrence River, which it follows from Lake Ontario to the Atlantic Ocean. Proposals for the seaway started in 1909, but were met with resistance from railway and port lobbyists in the United States.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

148. Aerial Lift Bridge: Arena Auditorium in Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1963?
Description:: This post card caption says Arena-Auditorium Duluth, Minnesota Fifth Avenue West and Waterfront. This beautiful new $6,100,000 multi-purpose facility will have an Auditorium to accommodate 2,500 people, and Arena with seating capacity up to 8,000 persons, an Exhibit Hall, 9 Meeting Rooms, and complete Banquet Facilities. The Arena-Auditorium will make Duluth the Convention Entertainment and Sports Center of The Upper Midwest. The building will be completed in 1966. This illustration is an architect's rendering of the proposed arena auditorium design. Ground was broken December 19, 1963.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

149. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial View of the Canal and Canal Park, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1975
Description:: This view shows Canal Park in the right foreground and downtown Duluth behind. The railroad tracks are parallel to Superior Street and will be displaced by the I35 freeway. The flat, undeveloped areas west or to the left of the Arena-Auditorium will later become the site for Playfront Park, Bayfront Festival Park, and the Great Lakes Aquarium. In this photo, Canal Park's recent addition is the 1973 Marine Museum adjacent to the 1906 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Building. Both are near the base of the North tower of the aerial lift bridge. In the middle of this view is the Arena Auditorium (opened in 1966) that will later to added to and renamed the DECC in 1987. To its right is the rectangular Pioneer Hall. Ground was broken on April 7, 1975, for the Pioneer Hall and Duluth Curling Club. It is a world-class curling facility. The Silver Broom World Curling Tournament in March 1976, drew 41,000 fans from ten countries to the new ice sheets. Grand opening celebrations were held August 30 to September 12, 1976. The Northwest Passage, a skywalk from downtown to the Arena-Auditorium through the Pioneer Hall, will be completed in 1976.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

150. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial View of Duluth-Superior Hi Bridge, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1961?
Description:: The newly built High Bridge connecting Duluth and Superior, Wisconsin is highlighted in this postcard. Built in 1961, the High Bridge was renamed for Congressman John A. Blatnik in 1971. Blatnik (1911-1991) was elected to the Minnesota Senate in 1940, he was a representative to the U.S. Congress for Minnesota's Eight District from 1947-1974.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

151. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial View of Duluth Interstate Bridge, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1963?
Description:: The foreground is Superior, Wisconsin the background is Duluth. The High Bridge or Interstate Bridge or John A. Blatnik Bridge is the central feature of this shot. Built in 1961, the High Bridge was renamed for Congressman John A. Blatnik in 1971. Blatnik (1911-1991) was elected to the Minnesota Senate in 1940, and he was a representative to the U.S. Congress for Minnesota's Eight District from 1947-1974.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

152. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial View of Duluth Harbor and Downtown Duluth

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1950?
Description:: Aerial view of grain elevators and a lake vessel being loaded. A freighter is outbound, headed for the aerial bridge whose span is up. Norris Grain is named for James E. Norris, Canadian born, whose family accumulated wealth in the grain trade and a fleet of ships. His father moved the company headquarters to Chicago and James relocated there. These elevators were bought from General Mills Inc. in 1944. Norris was later associated with hockey.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

153. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial View of Downtown Duluth, Duluth Harbor, and Canal Park, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1950?
Description:: This image shows a view from about Ninth Avenue West and waterfront at the top right corner of the shot to First Avenue East and Second Street at the lower left corner of the shot. Duluth Terminal and Cold Storage Company is at Ninth Avenue West and Railroad Street or 400 South Ninth Avenue West. The 1892 Central High School and its clock tower occupy the block on Second Street between Lake Avenue and First Avenue East in the foreground. The Canal Park area and the waterfront warehouse districts are still very industrial. The arena auditorium will not open until August 1966, in the area still filled with scrap in the middle-top of this photograph. Railroad and Commerce streets run parallel to the hillside below Superior Street and the area is well described by their names.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

154. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial View of Aerial Bridge and Duluth From Lake Superior, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1979?
Description:: The lift span is up as an ore boat of the Cleveland-Cliffs fleet approaches the canal. Pioneer Hall and the Northwest Passage skywalk link to downtown are complete. Gateway Towers and Lenox Place apartment high-rises and the new Duluth Public Library are visible. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Lake Superior Maritime Visitor Center, formerly called the Marine Museum, opened in 1973 and is seen near the north pier with Grandma's Saloon restaurant and its summertime tent visible marking the first two amenities of Canal Park that would develop into a tourist destination.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Color photographs

155. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial View of Aerial Bridge and Duluth From Lake Superior, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1961?
Description:: View of Duluth's hillside from just shy of Sixth Avenue West on the left and Fourteenth Avenue East on the far right half-way up the edge. Houses in the Kenwood neighborhood are clustered at the far right. To the left of Kenwood is the College of St. Scholastica with dominant Tower Hall. Drop straight down from the college to the Peace Church built in 1959. The airbase housing cluster called Capehart on Arrowhead Road that was later sold and developed into Aspenwood Condominiums is beyond the college with the Cook Home at the top middle of the photograph.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

156. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial View from Lake Superior, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1954?
Description:: The parallel concrete piers jut out into the lake forming the canal leading to the harbor. Since its remodeling into a lift bridge in 1930, every vessel passes under the Aerial Lift Bridge's raised span. In this view the span is down, and traffic and people cross it as a roadbed. The South Pier is at the left, the North Pier is at the right. Minnesota Point's light sand beach draws residents and tourists in all seasons but especially throughout the summer months. The expanse of the slips and wharves of the harbor indicate an industrial scene. You can see the light road that is Skyline Parkway parallel to the horizon running the length of Duluth.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

157. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial View from Lake Superior, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1959?
Description:: The parallel concrete piers jut out into the lake forming the canal leading to the harbor. Since its remodeling into a lift bridge in 1930, every vessel passes under the Aerial Lift Bridge's raised span. In this view the span is down, and traffic and people cross it as a roadbed. The South Pier is at the left, the North Pier is at the right. Minnesota Point's light sand beach draws residents and tourists in all seasons but especially throughout the summer months. The harbor is still the location of warehouses and coal docks. You can see the light road that is Skyline Parkway parallel to the horizon running the length of Duluth. The Civic Center is at the center of this shot. The St. Louis County Courthouse is in the middle with the Federal Building to the left of the courthouse, City Hall to the right, and the St. Louis County Jail to the left and set back from the courthouse. The Civic Center was designed by Daniel Burnham and is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

158. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial View from Lake Superior, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:: 1970?
Description:: An ore boat is steaming through the canal into Duluth harbor. The canal was cut beginning in 1871, and this bridge was built in 1904-1905 and modified with the lift span (which is up in this photo) in 1929. Canal Park is to the right of the Aerial Lift Bridge. Today a tourist destination, Canal Park was originally an industrial site. In this photograph Canal Park is in transition. You can see some demolition as well as some new parking facilities very near the pier including green space for residents and tourists to get near the vessel traffic and the bridge. The Aerial Lift Bridge is the largest tourist draw in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

159. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Duluth Canal and Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, Louis Perry, Sr., 1875-1945
Date Created:: 1944?
Description:: A view to the canal with the Duluth business district in the foreground. The 1896 Sacred Heart Cathedral steeple is in the right corner in front of the building that is now the Damiano Center (clothes distribution and soup kitchen). The cathedral, now a music center, and the Damiano are at 211 and 206 West Fourth Street. At the left is the smokestack of the Duluth Steam Plant built in 1932 that continues to provide heat to downtown businesses. To the left of the smokestack is the five-story Freimuth's Department store which opened in 1900 on the corner of Lake Avenue and Superior Street. It was Duluth's oldest family owned firm when it closed in 1961 with 60 employees. The Freimuth's building was razed in May 1968. On the far right on Superior Street are the tall, slim Alworth building (16 stories) dating from 1909, and the light colored Medical Arts building on the site of the St. Louis Hotel. The hotel was razed beginning May 19, 1932. September 1, 1932 contractors broke ground for the Medical Arts building. Signs in Canal Park include Marshall-Wells Hardware Company and Griggs, Cooper and Company. Griggs Cooper was a wholesale grocer and liquor business at 217-219 Lake Avenue South featuring Home brand food.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

160. Aerial Lift Bridge: View from Skyline Parkway, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, Louis Perry, Sr., 1875-1945
Date Created:: 1939?
Description:: This view from the crest of the hillside of Duluth shows a vessel steaming toward the aerial bridge. A prominent sign is visible on the bayside of Minnesota Point advertising Marine Iron and Shipbuilding. That business was located for years at the foot of Eleventh Avenue West and bayfront. The first ship launched in the Twin Ports for service in World War II was at the Marine Iron and Shipbuilding Co., April 23, 1941. A Duluth newspaper on July 1, 1966 ,reported that the former Marshall-Wells Building on Lake Avenue South has been purchased by Marine Iron and Shipbuilding Co. and Modern Constructors Inc. The assessors office lists the value of the property at $736,000.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

161. Aerial Lift Bridge: View from Duluth hillside, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, Louis Perry, Sr., 1875-1945
Date Created:: 1940
Description:: A laker prepares to leave the harbor through the Ship Canal in this view of downtown Duluth, Canal Park and Minnesota Point from the hillside. In the center right of the image is a rear view of the Duluth Civic Center buildings. In Canal Park on the left of the image we can see the DeWitt Seitz and Marshall Wells buildings. Zenith was a brand name used by Marshall Wells.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

162. Aerial Lift Bridge: South Approach, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, Louis Perry, Sr., 1875-1945
Date Created:: 1929-10-09
Description:: Construction shot of the bridge and the approach to the bridge from Minnesota Point or South Lake Avenue, Minnesota Avenue. This photograph has been physically altered; the background has been whited out and buildings drawn over.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Color photographs

163. Aerial Lift Bridge: Laker Entering Duluth Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, Louis Perry, Sr., 1875-1945
Date Created:: 1935?
Description:: In the middle of this image are the low, long Northern Pacific freight sheds with cranes and a couple of men near the harbor end of the dock by the tip of the ore boat. Wholesale grocers Gowan-Lenning-Brown sign for its Honor brand is visible in the Canal Park area near the bridge. The manufacturer of the Honor Brand was an outgrowth of the Wright-Clarkson Company. It was Gowan-Peyton-Twohy Company in 1910 then Gowan-Peyton-Congdon in 1911, and finally Gowan-LenningBrown in 1913. At 20 West Morse Street is a sign for wholesale Hogstad Fish.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

164. Aerial Lift Bridge from bay, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, Louis Perry, Sr., 1875-1945
Date Created:: 1905?
Description:: Aerial bridge from bay; boats entering; canal; piers; Minnesota Point buildings on both sides; houses; light house on south pier; Corps of Engineers building.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

165. Aerial Bridge: Bird's Eye View of Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Gallagher, Louis Perry, Sr., 1875-1945
Date Created:: 1925?
Description:: A photograph turned into a printed post card that was mailed rolled.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Panoramas

166. Letter from the Secretary of War, in Response to Senate Resolution of April 12, 1892, relative to the proceedings of the board of officers convened to consider the construction of a bridge in Duluth.

Creator:: Fifty-second Congress First Session Executive Document Number 80 United States Senate
Date Created:: 1892-04-18
Description:: Thirty-one page government document, beginning with a letter form the Secretary of War, in response to Senate resolution of April 12, 1892, relative to the proceedings of the board of officers convened to consider the construction of a bridge in Duluth. This document is discussing placing a bridge over the Duluth ship canal where a bridge has never existed. The document uses the language "Aerial Lift Bridge" which must have been a design under consideration. In fact, the Aerial Ferry Bridge, or Aerial Transporter Bridge was the initial bridge constructed in 1904-1905. It wasn't until 1929 that the first bridge was remodeled with a lift span.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Text
Format:: Pamphlets

167. Aerial Lift Bridge under construction, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Fenney, Knute L.; Adams, John P. H.
Date Created:: 1904?
Description:: Aerial bridge under construction; Wenisch and Bourgeault cut stone contractors sign; steamer exiting harbor through canal; light house on south pier near bridge
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

168. Aerial ferry bridge, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Fenney, Knute L.; Adams, John P. H.
Date Created:: 1905
Description:: Aerial ferry bridge from near the Corps of Engineers building; gondola over canal Minnesota Point buildings visible
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

169. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Arena Auditorium Construction Site, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Curtis, Charles A., 1936-2002
Date Created:: 1965?
Description:: View shows Commerce Street in the foreground and Minnesota Point and its sandy beach to the right of the bridge. At the top left, Canal Park businesses and industries fit between Minnesota Slip and Lake Superior. Two cars are crossing the bridge. Ground was broken December 19, 1963 for the Duluth Arena Auditorium. The Arena Auditorium complex opened to great fanfare in August 1966. UMD hockey was played at the arena which, seating 8,000, was also the site of performances of entertainers and rock concerts. The Auditorium was home to the symphony, opera, ballet, and artists like Marcel Marceau. It was renamed the DECC or Duluth Entertainment and Convention Center on August 31, 1987. It was expanded and re-opened June 18, 1990. The Harbor Side Convention Center and Parking Ramp additions were opened January 31, 2001. At the far right are businesses removed for the Fifth Avenue West Overpass, and later, the Great Lakes Aquarium and Bayfront Festival Park.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

170. Aerial Lift Bridge: Sea Smoke on Lake Superior, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Curtis, Charles A., 1936-2002
Date Created:: 1978?
Description:: When it gets very cold and the water of Lake Superior is warmer than the air, the lake "smokes" as seen here. The smokestack at the left is the Duluth Steam Plant that provides heat to hundreds of downtown businesses. The Duluth business district's tallest building is the Alworth shown here just in front of the Aerial Lift Bridge. The 16 story Daniel Burnham designed Alworth was built in 1909 in nine months opening August 30, 1910. Pioneer Hall is behind the Alworth. Ground was broken on April 7, 1975 for the Pioneer Hall and Duluth Curling Club. The Silver Broom World Curling Tournament in March 1976, drew 41,000 fans from ten countries to the new ice sheets in Pioneer Hall.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

171. Aerial Lift Bridge: Pioneer Hall Under Construction, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Curtis, Charles A., 1936-2002
Date Created:: 1975-04
Description:: Pioneer Hall will take form on this construction site adjacent to Minnesota Slip. Ground was broken on April 7, 1975, for the Pioneer Hall and Duluth Curling Club. The Silver Broom World Curling Tournament in March 1976, drew 41,000 fans from ten countries to the new ice sheets. Grand opening celebrations were held August 30 to September 12, 1976. The Northwest Passage, a skywalk from downtown to the Arena Auditorium, was completed in 1976. Eight years after the Arena Auditorium was opened in 1966, it was pumping $6 million into Duluth's economy. The annual payroll averaged $300,000 and more than 750 people were employed on either a part or full-time basis. The Pioneer Hall expansion was the first of many.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

172. Aerial Lift Bridge: Ore Boat Entering Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Curtis, Charles A., 1936-2002
Date Created:: 1966?
Description:: A vessel enters the harbor in this view of the canal with downtown Duluth in the upper portion of the image and Minnesota Point at the bottom left. Fifth Avenue West runs directly from the St. Louis County Courthouse to the waterfront. Both the Soo Line passenger depot and its train sheds and the Union Depot and its train sheds are to the left of Fifth Avenue West. To the right of the Fifth Avenue West overpass is the Arena Auditorium complex that celebrated its grand opening in August 1966. The sand beach of Park Point is in the foreground. The Fire department headquarters building is at 608 West First Street.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

173. Aerial Lift Bridge: Night View of Arena Auditorium, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Curtis, Charles A., 1936-2002
Date Created:: 1971?
Description:: A night view shows the Duluth Arena Auditorium and parking facilities. The Minnesota Power and Light substation is in the foreground. There is a lighted Christmas tree surrounded by a car display at the joint entrance to the complex. The Arena Auditorium opened to great fanfare in August 1966. The arena was home to UMD hockey and seats for 8,000, and the Duluth Symphony finally had a grand hall for its performances and sat 2,400. It was renamed the DECC or Duluth Entertainment and Convention Center on August 31, 1987. It was expanded and re-opened June 18, 1990. The Harbor Side Convention Center and Parking Ramp additions were opened January 31, 2001.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

174. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial View of Waterfront, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Curtis, Charles A., 1936-2002
Date Created:: 1985?
Description:: The area west of the Arena Auditorium occupied here by hundreds of parked RVs will be developed into Bay Front Park. In the summer of 1983, an Airstream rally occupied all of the Arena Auditorium parking lot and the area seen here taken by RVs. The dark rectangular building near the stern of the ore boat is the Flame Restaurant building. The slip at the far right will be filled. In the foreground the I35 freeway is under construction and building materials laid out to the right. the Ship Canal piers were being remodeled/rehabilitated in 1985-1986.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

175. Aerial Lift Bridge: Visit of Norway's Christian Radich, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:: Basen, Jean
Date Created:: 1976
Description:: The vessel is 62.5 meters long. Under engine power, she reaches a top speed of 10 knots, while she can make up to 14 knots under sail. She has a crew of 18 and can accommodate 88 passengers. The Christian Radich, a full rigged three masted steel hull ship, is known through the international release in 1958 of the movie Windjammer. The Christian Radich sailed to the United States in 1976 as part of the Bicentennial Celebration. She was in New York on July 4, 1976. The vessel was built for training sailors for the Norwegian merchant navy, and did so for many years.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Color photographs

176. Wagon boarding aerial bridge, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1906?
Description:: Horse drawn loaded wagon boarding aerial bridge car; light house on south pier
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

177. Ice covered south pier, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1904-12-31
Description:: View from lake toward aerial bridge incomplete with ice covered south pier; west hillside in background
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

178. Constructing foundation for aerial bridge, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1903?
Description:: Clearing spot for foundation; four men using a sandsucker in aerial bridge construction
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

179. Aerial Lift Bridge: View of Canal Park, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1972-09
Description:: View from the top of the Aerial Lift Bridge looking over Canal Park toward Duluth's hillside taking in a vista to Leif Erikson Park. Pedestrians could ride on the lift span of the Aerial Bridge for a short time in the late 1960s for fifty cents. There was an enclosure to stand within. In 1966, the City Council approved a resolution to permit club members to have free rides on the bridge during 1966 and 1967. To be a club member you had to contribute at least one dollar to the fund to floodlight the bridge. Contributors received a membership card. Between September 13 and 16 the fund gained three thousand dollars. The cost to floodlight was twenty-one thousand dollars. The floodlights were first lit on November 17, 1966. Minnesota's U.S. Representative John A. Blatnik pulled the switch to light the bridge. Chief bridge operator Alfred L. Hass said in 1960 that the longest the bridge remained open (span up) was an hour and 27 minutes one night in 1937 when a fog on the lake lifted and 13 ships entered and departed in quick succession. The greatest number of ships to pass under the span in one day was 80, requiring 36 lifts, on April 19, 1937. The building in the shadow of the bridge is the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Building constructed in 1906. The new bridge is owned and operated by the City of Duluth on permit authorized by Congress. The Ship Canal and grounds are under the authority of the Lake Superior Area Office of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Color photographs

180. Aerial Lift Bridge: Vessel exits the harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1945?
Description:: Unidentified vessel and crew leave the Duluth harbor. They will pass under the raised lift span of the bridge in calm water. Minnesota Point is at the right with homes visible on Minnesota Avenue. The 6-foot tall lighthouse at the right is 107-years old. It was offered for sale in August 2008 by the federal government with limitations. Its formal name is South Breakwater Inner Light Tower and was owned by the federal government. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The towers light was first lit in 1901. It was bought in December 2008 by Steve Sola and Matt Kampf of Duluth. Their winning bid was more than $31,000. Mr. Sola grew up on Park Point, Kamps in Hibbing, but lived many years on Cape Cod before moving to Duluth. In an interview the men said they didn't know what they were going to do with it. The federal authorities will not allow the structure to be relocated.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

181. Aerial Lift Bridge: Saturday Evening Post features Aerial Bridge, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1947?
Description:: Two unidentified men hold a copy of a national magazine whose cover features the Aerial Bridge. These men are probably with the Chamber of Commerce. The June 14, 1947, Saturday Evening Post cover of Duluth Aerial Bridge with boat is by John Atherton. John Carlton Atherton was born in Brainerd, Minnesota, on June 7, 1900. Atherton would eventually illustrate over forty covers for Saturday Evening Post, starting with his December 1942 design, Patient Dog. In the late 1940s, Albert Dorne, fellow Saturday Evening Post illustrator, founded the Famous Artists School, an institution to teach the art of correspondence illustration. John Atherton was among the famous artists such as Al Parker, Jon Witcomb, and Norman Rockwell, who contributed to the program. Atherton eventually moved to Arlington, Vermont. The famous illustrator and artist died at age fifty-two (in 1952) in a drowning accident while fly-fishing in New Brunswick, Canada. He was survived by his wife, Maxine Breeze.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

182. Aerial Lift Bridge: Ramon De Larrinaga arrives, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1959-05-03
Description:: On the morning of May 3, 1959, crowds along the north pier of the Duluth Ship Canal salute the arrival of the British-registered merchant vessel Ramon de Larrinaga, the first upbound ship to traverse the newly opened St. Lawrence Seaway. The ship loaded grain at the Peavey and Cargill elevators before departing for Montreal and a voyage across the North Atlantic.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

183. Aerial Lift Bridge: Ore boat exiting harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1945?
Description:: View of the Aerial Lift Bridge with lift span raised to allow the William B. Schiller to leave the harbor. Built in 1910, the Schiller was laid up in 1974 and sold for scrap in 1978.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

184. Aerial Lift Bridge: Night View of Duluth, Minnesota D-88, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1966?
Description:: This post card caption says D-88 Showing the new $6,5000,000.00 Duluth Arena-Auditorium on Harbor Drive. The Arena Auditorium opened to great fanfare in August 1966. It was renamed the DECC or Duluth Entertainment and Convention Center August 31, 1987. It was expanded and opened with celebrations on June 18, 1990. The Harbor Side Convention Center and Parking Ramp additions were opened January 31, 2001.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

185. Aerial Lift Bridge: Lift span up, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1950?
Description:: The counterweight is visible through the north tower's structural elements. Two counterweights move in opposition to the bridge. The bridge span weights about 1,000 tons. The two counterweights weigh about 500 tons each. When the bridge span goes up the counterweights go down.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

186. Aerial Lift Bridge, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1930?
Description:: Small post card of the aerial lift bridge with the span up and an outbound lake vessel in the canal. On Monday, July 1, 1929, the suspended car made its last trip across the canal. The bridge's modification to operate with a lift span began on April 8, 1929, with a low bid of $448,000 by the Kansas City Bridge Company. The Aerial Lift Bridge was first operated on March 19, 1930. During the shipping season it makes about 25 lifts a day.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

187. Aerial Lift Bridge: Close-up of the Aerial Bridge lift span, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1962-07-09
Description:: View of the lift span taken from the southeast corner of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers building (1906). The canal's piers have walkways, and there are benches for visitors to linger to watch the ships enter and exit the harbor. The Aerial Lift Bridge is the largest tourist attraction in the state of Minnesota. The enclosed portion on the lift span is the operator's house or the power house of the bridge. On one side of the operator is Lake Superior and the other side is Superior Bay and the Duluth Harbor Basin. Leonard P. Green was the bridge operator for 36 years (died September 16, 1944). He was supervisor when the Aerial bridge was altered to become the lift bridge. In 1932, Mr. Green's seven operators worked in eight-hour shifts, two operators to a shift.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

188. Aerial Lift Bridge: Band performs at Aerial Bridge Event, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1947?
Description:: Unidentified event draws people to the base of the bridge.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

189. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial Lift Bridge Over Canal Entrance to Duluth-Superior Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1950?
Description:: The caption for this post card says The famous Aerial Lift Bridge, at the entrance to the Duluth -Superior harbor, is the largest of its kind in the world. The 900-ton span, lifted by electrical energy stored in batteries, rises 120 feet in 50 seconds each time a boat approaches the harbor.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

190. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial Lift Bridge and Ship Canal, Entrance to Duluth-Superior Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1950?
Description:: 139-D The caption of this post card says The unique Aerial Lift Bridge and Ship Canal Entrance to Duluth-Superior Harbor is an outstanding attraction of this popular summer vacation city. Total bridge load lifted is 900 tons. Only 55 seconds are required to lift the span 135 feet. The Harbor is second only to that of New York City in shipping tonnage and through it passes about 60 per cent of America's iron ore production, from the great iron ore ranges just north of Duluth. Another fact, not included in the caption is that John H. Darling (1847-1942), U.S. Engineer for Duluth-Superior Harbor, oversaw replacement of the original wooden canal piers with concrete piers in 1897. The piers have been maintained and repaired with a major remodeling/rehabilitation in 1985-1986.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

191. Aerial ferry bridge, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1905-04-05
Description:: Aerial ferry bridge with gondola over canal; concrete piers; light posts; light house on south pier
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

192. Aerial Bridge: Whaleback Leaving Duluth-Superior Harbor Loaded With Ore, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1910?
Description:: Whaleback is an unusual ship design with steel hulls (body of the vessel) and rounded decks (boat, hurricane, main -which is the lowest full-length deck in a ship's hull, and spar are all decks at different levels) which was introduced by the inventor Captain Alexander McDougall of Duluth in 1888. It was a very stable vessel. American Steel Barge Company, a New York corporation engaged in shipbuilding and transportation on the Great Lakes as well as on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, purchased all of the patents for McDougalls whaleback vessels for $25,000. The only remaining whaleback is the Meteor, which is now a museum at Barker's Island in Superior, Wisconsin.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

193. Aerial Bridge: View of Minnesota Point, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1920?
Description:: This photograph may have been shot from Seventh Street and about Lake Avenue. The bright narrow strip in the lower middle of the image is Lake Avenue leading to the Aerial Bridge. The rectangle and three dots parallel to the piers of the canal are the remnants of the Whitney rock crushing enterprise. The Whitney Brothers, of Superior, Wisconsin, had a sand and gravel processing business that was functioning in 1919. The concrete form that is still in the water was the dredging/crushing building. A tunnel ran from the building to the Point. There was a conveyor belt and railroad spur adjacent to the concrete building. Sand from the Apostle Islands and gravel from Grand Marais were carried to Duluth on a small vessel named Limit. The business also used a tug the William A. Whitney. The Limit was secured to the concrete building and the load of sand or gravel was unloaded into the steel hopper using a jaw-like clam shell, steam powered device. The belt conveyed the materials to shore and it dropped into a tunnel where trucks were ready. On Federal lake charts it is referred to as cribs. Telephone lines are in this photograph. In 1880, the first telephones were installed in Duluth by Walter Van Brunt for C. H. Graves and Company. In 1881, the Duluth Telephone Company was incorporated with $10,000 capital. In 1882, the first telephone directory was issued for 30 subscribers. In 1898, long distance lines between Duluth, Cloquet and Carlton were strung. In 1899, Duluth had 794 telephones. In 1900, the Zenith telephone Company (independent) started operations in competition with Duluth Telephone Company. The tower is the Central High School clock tower. The 1892 school has been the Central Administration Building for ISD 709 since the late 1970s.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

194. Aerial Bridge: U.S. Ship Canal Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1910?
Description:: Ore boat leaving Duluth. Detroit Publishing Co. was a prolific post card publisher, especially in the U.S. Their cards were published from 1898 to 1933. Using a color process called Phostint, their cards were considered to be very artistic. The hobby of collecting post cards is called deltiology. The first post card was issued by the Austrian government, America's first postcards came out in 1873. Picture postcards were introduced later. The golden age of postcards was supposed to date from 1907 through the first World War.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

195. Aerial bridge under construction, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1904
Description:: Aerial bridge under construction; workers; view from about Minnesota slip to bridge; piers; Minnesota Point houses in background
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Black-and-white photographs

196. Aerial Bridge: Structural Details, End View, Part Side Elevation, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1903?
Description:: Detailed drawing of four parts of the Aerial Bridge. The end view is a drawing of a tower; part side elevation is of half of the Aerial Bridge with the suspended car transfer. The third drawing is called Section A-A and depicts a tower without the cross structures drawn in. The last drawing is called Section B-B, which is a top down view of one of the towers resting on its footings. All of these drawings have dimensions. The part side elevation includes a very small drawing of the side of the gondola car. The end view includes the phrase "car approaches built by city." The finials are shown on three of the four drawings. Drawing H5421, Sheet 2.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Design drawings

197. Aerial Bridge: Strain Diagram, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1903?
Description:: This drawing identifies wind forces and their effects on the physical structure. Notes are included on this drawing for example: "Stresses in lower sections of tension diagonals equal or smaller than top sections, but same riveting to be used in detail." The drawing includes a key for live load, dead load, impact, wind at 150 pounds per linear foot, wind stress due to traveler, equivalent to live load. The drawing shows top and bottom laterals. Total weight of the carrier and car is given as 240,000 pounds. The scale is given as 20 feet equaling one inch. Drawing H5421, Sheet 3.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Design drawings

198. Aerial Bridge: Steamer Huronic Entering Duluth-Superior Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1915?
Description:: In 1893, James J. Hill's Northern Steamship Company built 385-foot ocean style passenger steamers. In 1911, the peak year, 80,000 passengers traveled to Lake Superior. After 1920, the number of passenger cruise ships diminished with the advent of "motor-cars." Very few cruise ships were still in service after World War II. The Canadian steel steamer Huronic was constructed in Collingwood, Ontario, in 1902. She ran on the Northern Navigation Division of the Canadian Steamship Company, on cruise trips from Detroit to Duluth. In 1940, the Huronic was dismantled and made into a package freighter.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

199. Aerial Bridge: Entrance To Duluth-Superior Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1915?
Description:: The caption of this post card says The Aerial Bridge, Span 393 feet 9 inches, 135 feet high from water line. Cost $100,000. Entrance to Duluth-Superior Harbor. The white building at the left is the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Building constructed in 1906.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

200. Aerial Bridge: Entrance To Duluth-Superior Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:: 1906?
Description:: The post card caption says The Aerial Bridge, Span 393 feet 9 inches, 135 feet high from water line. Cost $100,000. This post card illustration is of a view from the Duluth harbor with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Building at the left and the South Breakwater Inner Light Tower at the right. Houses on Minnesota Point are at the far right. Engineer C.A.P. Turner, of the Gillette-Herzog Manufacturing Company of Minneapolis, designed the Ferry Bridge with Suspended Car Transfer in February 1901, meeting federal specifications. Bids were opened March 25, 1901, but only one was received. The Duluth Canal Bridge Company was awarded the contract but abandoned the work. In February, 1904, the Modern Steel Structural Company of Waukesha, Wisconsin was issued a contract. Work began July 20, 1904. The aerial bridge transporter or gondola or transfer car roadway was 17 feet by 50 feet with sidewalks seven feet by 50 feet; the cabins were 30 feet long.
Contributing Institution:: University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:: Still Image
Format:: Postcards

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